Erbium, lambar atomic 68, tana cikin zagayowar 6th na tebur na zamani, lanthanide (IIIB group) lamba 11, nauyin atomic 167.26, kuma sunan element ya fito ne daga wurin gano yttrium earth.
Erbiumyana da abun ciki na 0.000247% a cikin ɓawon burodi kuma an samo shi a yawancinkasa kasama'adanai.Ya wanzu a cikin duwatsu masu banƙyama kuma ana iya samuwa ta hanyar lantarki da narkewar ErCl3.Yana kasancewa tare da wasu manyan abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya a cikin yttrium phosphate da bakikasa kasaajiyar zinariya.
Ionickasa kasama'adanai: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, da dai sauransu a kasar Sin.Phosphorus yttrium ma'adinai: Malaysia, Guangxi, Guangdong, China.Monazite: Yankunan bakin teku na Ostiraliya, yankunan bakin teku na Indiya, Guangdong, China, da yankunan bakin teku na Taiwan.
Gano Tarihi
An gano shi a cikin 1843
Tsarin ganowa: CG Mosander ya gano shi a cikin 1843. Ya samo asali ne na oxide na erbium terbium oxide, don haka a farkon adabi,terbium oxidekumaerbium oxideaka cakude.Sai bayan 1860 ne gyara ya zama dole.
A daidai lokacin da aka ganolantanum, Mossander ya yi nazari tare da nazarin yttrium da aka fara ganowa, kuma ya buga rahoto a shekara ta 1842, inda ya fayyace cewa yttrium duniya da aka fara gano ba guda ɗaya ba ce, amma oxide ne na abubuwa uku.Har yanzu ya ambaci daya daga cikinsu yttrium earth, kuma daya daga cikinsu erbia (erbiumduniya).An tsara alamar kashi azaman Er.Gano erbium da wasu abubuwa guda biyu,lantanumkumaterbium, bude kofa ta biyu ga ganokasa kasaabubuwa, alamar mataki na biyu na gano su.Gano su shine gano ukukasa kasaabubuwa bayan abubuwa biyuceriumkumayttrium.
Tsarin lantarki
Tsarin lantarki:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
Ƙarfin ionization na farko shine 6.10 volts na lantarki.Abubuwan sinadarai da na zahiri kusan iri ɗaya ne da na holmium da dysprosium.
Abubuwan isotopes na erbium sun haɗa da: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Karfe
Erbiumkarfe ne fari na azurfa, mai laushi a jiki, maras narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma mai narkewa a cikin acid.Gishiri da oxides ruwan hoda ne zuwa launin ja.Matsayin narkewa 1529 ° C, wurin tafasa 2863 ° C, yawa 9.006 g/cm ³.
Erbiumantiferromagnetic ne a ƙananan yanayin zafi, mai ƙarfi ferromagnetic kusa da sifili, kuma babban iko ne.
Erbiumsannu a hankali iska da ruwa suna oxidized a yanayin zafi, yana haifar da launin furen fure.
Aikace-aikace:
Ya oxideEr2O3launin fure ne da ake amfani da shi don yin tukwane mai kyalli.Erbium oxideana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar yumbu don samar da enamel ruwan hoda.
ErbiumHar ila yau yana da wasu aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antar nukiliya kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan haɗin gwal don wasu karafa.Misali, dopingerbiumcikin vanadium na iya haɓaka ductility.
A halin yanzu, mafi mashahuri amfani daerbiumyana cikin masana'anta naerbiumDoped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs).Bait doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) Jami'ar Southampton ce ta fara kera shi a shekara ta 1985. Yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan kirkire-kirkire a fannin sadarwa na fiber optic kuma ana iya cewa ita ce "tashar iskar gas" ta babbar titin bayanai mai nisa a yau.ErbiumFiber doped shine ginshiƙi na amplifier ta hanyar ƙara ƙaramin adadin abubuwan erbium ions (Er3+) a cikin fiber quartz.Doping dubun zuwa ɗaruruwan ppm na erbium a cikin filaye na gani na iya rama asarar gani a tsarin sadarwa.ErbiumFiber amplifiers doped kamar "tashar famfo" na haske, yana ba da damar watsa siginar gani ba tare da raguwa daga tashar zuwa tashar ba, don haka a hankali buɗe tashar fasaha don sadarwa mai nisa na zamani, babban ƙarfi, da saurin fiber optic. .
Wani hotspot na aikace-aikacenerbiumLaser ne, musamman a matsayin likita Laser abu.ErbiumLaser wani m-jihar bugun jini Laser tare da zangon na 2940nm, wanda za a iya karfi da tunawa da ruwa kwayoyin a cikin mutum kyallen takarda, cimma gagarumin sakamako tare da kasa makamashi.Yana iya yanke, niƙa, da fitar da kyallen takarda daidai.Ana kuma amfani da Laser Erbium YAG don hakar cataract.ErbiumLaser far kayan aiki da aka bude sama ƙara m aikace-aikace filayen ga Laser tiyata.
ErbiumHakanan za'a iya amfani dashi azaman ion mai kunnawa don kayan aikin laser da ba kasafai ba.ErbiumLaser upconversion kayan za a iya raba kashi biyu Categories: guda crystal (fluoride, oxygen-dauke da gishiri) da kuma gilashin (fiber), kamar erbium-doped yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3+) lu'ulu'u da Er3 + doped ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2-). LaF3-AlF3-NaF) filayen gilashi, waɗanda yanzu sun kasance masu amfani.BaYF5: Yb3+, Er3+ na iya juyar da hasken infrared zuwa haske mai gani, kuma an sami nasarar amfani da wannan kayan haɓakawa na multiphoton a cikin na'urorin hangen nesa na dare.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-25-2023