Aiwatar da Kayayyakin Duniya na Rare a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Rare kasa,da aka sani da "taska" na sababbin kayan, a matsayin kayan aiki na musamman, na iya inganta inganci da aikin sauran samfurori, kuma an san su da "bitamin" na masana'antu na zamani.Ba wai kawai ana amfani da su sosai a masana'antun gargajiya irin su ƙarfe, petrochemicals, yumbu gilashin, ulun ulu, fata, da aikin gona, amma kuma suna taka rawa mai mahimmanci a cikin kayan kamar walƙiya, magnetism, Laser, sadarwar fiber optic, makamashin adana hydrogen. superconductivity, da dai sauransu, Yana shafar kai tsaye da sauri da matakin ci gaban manyan masana'antu masu tasowa kamar kayan aikin gani, kayan lantarki, sararin samaniya, da masana'antar nukiliya.An yi nasarar amfani da waɗannan fasahohin a cikin fasahar soja, suna haɓaka haɓaka fasahar soja ta zamani.

Matsayin na musamman dakasa kasaSabbin kayayyaki na fasahar soja na zamani sun ja hankalin gwamnatoci da masana na kasashe daban-daban, kamar yadda sassan kasashe irinsu Amurka da Japan suka sanya su a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na bunkasa masana'antu na zamani da fasahar soja.

Takaitaccen Gabatarwa zuwaRare Duniyas da Alakar Su da Sojoji da Tsaron Kasa
Magana mai mahimmanci, duk abubuwan da ba kasafai ba suna da wasu aikace-aikacen soja, amma mafi mahimmancin rawar da suke takawa a fagen tsaro na ƙasa da na soja ya kamata su kasance a cikin aikace-aikace kamar layin laser, jagorar laser, da sadarwar laser.

Aikace-aikace nakasa kasakarfe kumakasa kasabaƙin ƙarfe a cikin fasahar soja na zamani

1.1 Aikace-aikacenRare DuniyaKarfe A Fasahar Sojan Zamani

A aiki ya hada da biyu al'amurran: tsarkakewa da alloying, yafi desulfurization, deoxidation, da kuma iskar gas kau, kawar da tasiri na low narkewa batu cutarwa impurities, refining hatsi da kuma tsarin, shafi lokaci mika mulki batu na karfe, da kuma inganta ta hardenability da inji Properties.Ma'aikatan kimiyya da fasaha na soja sun ƙirƙira abubuwa da yawa da ba kasafai ake amfani da su a ƙasa waɗanda suka dace da amfani da su a cikin makamai ta hanyar amfani da kaddarorinkasa kasa.

1.1.1 Armor karfe

Tun a farkon shekarun 1960, masana'antun kera makamai na kasar Sin sun fara gudanar da bincike kan yadda ake yin amfani da kasa da ba kasafai ake amfani da su a cikin karfen sulke da karfen bindiga ba, kuma a jere ana kera su.kasa kasasulke karfe kamar 601, 603, da 623, shigar da wani sabon zamani na key albarkatun kasa don samar da tankuna a kasar Sin dangane da samar da gida.

1.1.2Rare ƙasacarbon karfe

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, kasar Sin ta kara 0.05%kasa kasaabubuwa zuwa wani babban ingancin carbon karfe don samarkasa kasacarbon karfe.Ƙimar tasirin tasiri na gefe na wannan ƙarfe na duniya mai wuya ya karu da kashi 70% zuwa 100% idan aka kwatanta da ainihin karfen carbon, kuma ƙimar tasiri a -40 ℃ ya kusan ninki biyu.An tabbatar da shari'ar harsashi mai girma da aka yi da wannan karfe ta hanyar gwajin harbi a cikin harbi don cika cikakkun bukatun fasaha.A halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta kammala aikin samar da ita, tare da tabbatar da burin kasar Sin na dogon lokaci na maye gurbin tagulla da karfe a cikin harsashi.

1.1.3 Rare ƙasa high manganese karfe da rare ƙasa jefa karfe

Rare ƙasahigh manganese karfe da ake amfani da kerar da tanki track faranti, yayin dakasa kasaAna amfani da simintin ƙarfe don kera fuka-fukan wutsiya, birkin lanƙwasa, da kayan aikin manyan bindigogi don harsashi mai saurin huda.Wannan na iya rage matakan sarrafawa, haɓaka amfani da ƙarfe, da cimma maƙasudin dabara da fasaha.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Ƙarfin Simintin Ƙarfin Nodular Ƙarfin Rare a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

A da, an yi kayan aikin ginin ɗakin gaban gaban China da ƙarfen simintin simintin gyare-gyare da aka yi da baƙin ƙarfe mai inganci wanda aka haɗe shi da ƙura daga kashi 30% zuwa 40%.Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfinsa, babban ɓarna, ƙarancin rarrabuwar kawuna mara inganci bayan fashewar, da raunin ikon kashewa, an taɓa hana haɓakar gawarwar ɗakin gaba.Tun daga shekara ta 1963, an ƙera nau'ikan nau'ikan turmi daban-daban ta amfani da baƙin ƙarfe mara nauyi na ƙasa, wanda ya haɓaka kaddarorin injin su sau 1-2, ya ninka adadin gutsuttsura masu inganci, kuma ya kaifafa gefuna na gutsuttsura, yana haɓaka ikon kashe su sosai.Harsashin yaƙi na wani nau'in harsashi na harsashi da harsashi na filin da aka yi da wannan abu a cikin ƙasarmu yana da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri mafi tasiri na rarrabuwa da radius mai kisa fiye da harsashin ƙarfe.

Aikace-aikacen da ba na ƙarfe barare duniya gamis irin su magnesium da aluminum a fasahar soja na zamani

Ƙasar da ba kasafai bada high sinadaran aiki da kuma manyan atomic radii.Lokacin da aka ƙara su zuwa karafa da ba na ƙarfe ba da kayan haɗin gwiwar su, za su iya tace girman hatsi, hana rarrabuwa, cire gas, ƙazanta da tsarkakewa, da haɓaka tsarin ƙarfe, don haka cimma ingantattun manufofi kamar haɓaka kaddarorin injiniyoyi, kaddarorin jiki, da aikin sarrafawa.Ma'aikatan gida da na waje sun yi amfani da kaddarorinkasa raredon haɓaka sababbikasa kasaMagnesium alloys, aluminum gami, titanium gami, da kuma high zafin jiki gami.An yi amfani da waɗannan samfuran sosai a cikin fasahar soja na zamani kamar jiragen yaƙi, jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu, jirage masu saukar ungulu, jiragen sama marasa matuƙa, da tauraron dan adam masu linzami.

2.1Rare ƙasamagnesium gami

Rare ƙasaMagnesium alloys suna da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi na musamman, na iya rage nauyin jirgin sama, haɓaka aikin dabara, kuma suna da fa'idodin aikace-aikace.Thekasa kasaMagnesium alloys wanda Kamfanin Masana'antar Jiragen Sama na China ya haɓaka (wanda ake kira AVIC daga baya) sun haɗa da kusan maki 10 na simintin simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyaren magnesium gami da naƙasasshiyar ma'adinan magnesium, yawancin waɗanda aka yi amfani da su wajen samarwa kuma suna da inganci.Misali, ZM 6 ya jefa gami da magnesium tare da ƙarancin ƙarfe neodymium na ƙasa kamar yadda aka faɗaɗa babban abin ƙari don amfani da shi a cikin mahimman sassa kamar su raguwar raguwar jirgin helikwafta, haƙarƙarin yaƙi, da faranti na gubar rotor don janareta 30 kW.The rare earth high-ƙarfin magnesium gami BM25 hadin gwiwa ɓullo da China Aviation Corporation da Nonferrous Karfe Corporation ya maye gurbin wasu matsakaici ƙarfi aluminum gami kuma an yi amfani da tasiri jirgin sama.

2.2Rare ƙasatitanium alloy

A farkon shekarun 1970s, Cibiyar Kula da Kayan Aeronautical ta Beijing (wanda ake kira Cibiyar) ta maye gurbin wasu aluminum da silicon da.Ƙarfe na ƙasa mai wuya cerium (Ce) a Ti-A1-Mo titanium gami, iyakance hazo na gaggautsa matakai da inganta gami ta zafi juriya da thermal kwanciyar hankali.A kan wannan, an ƙirƙiri babban aikin simintin gyare-gyare mai ƙarfi titanium gami da ZT3 mai ɗauke da cerium.Idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan gami na kasa da kasa, yana da wasu fa'idodi a cikin juriya na zafi, ƙarfi, da aikin aiwatarwa.Ana amfani da kwandon kwampreso da aka kera dashi don injin W PI3 II, yana rage nauyin kowane jirgin sama da kilogiram 39 kuma yana ƙara matsawa zuwa nauyin nauyi da kashi 1.5%.Bugu da kari, matakan sarrafawa sun ragu da kusan kashi 30%, suna samun gagarumar fa'ida ta fasaha da tattalin arziki, tare da cike gibin yin amfani da simintin simintin gyare-gyare na injinan jiragen sama a kasar Sin a karkashin yanayi na 500 ℃.Bincike ya nuna cewa akwai kananacerium oxidebarbashi a cikin microstructure na ZT3 gami dauke dacerium.Ceriumya haɗu da wani yanki na oxygen a cikin gami don samar da refractory da babban taurinrare duniya oxidekayan, Ce2O3.Wadannan barbashi suna hana motsi na ɓarna a lokacin lalacewar allo, inganta yanayin zafi mai zafi na gami.Ceriumyana kama wasu ƙazantar iskar gas (musamman a iyakokin hatsi), wanda zai iya ƙarfafa gami yayin da yake samun kwanciyar hankali mai kyau.Wannan shine ƙoƙari na farko na amfani da ka'idar mai wahala mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin simintin simintin ƙarfe na titanium.Bugu da kari, bayan shekaru na bincike, Cibiyar Kula da Kayayyakin Jiragen Sama ta samu karbuwa kuma mara tsadayttrium oxideyashi da foda kayan a cikin titanium gami bayani daidai simintin simintin tsari, ta amfani da musamman ma'adinai jiyya fasahar.Ya sami matakai masu kyau a cikin takamaiman nauyi, tauri, da kwanciyar hankali ga ruwan titanium.Dangane da daidaitawa da sarrafa aikin slurry harsashi, ya nuna fifiko mafi girma.Babban fa'idar yin amfani da harsashi yttrium oxide don kera simintin simintin gyare-gyaren titanium shine, a ƙarƙashin yanayin da inganci da matakin tsari na simintin gyaran gyare-gyaren ya yi daidai da na tsarin Layer na tungsten, yana yiwuwa a kera simintin simintin gyare-gyare na titanium wanda ya fi na simintin simintin gyare-gyaren simintin. na tungsten surface Layer tsari.A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da wannan tsari sosai wajen kera jiragen sama daban-daban, injuna, da simintin gyare-gyaren farar hula.

2.3Rare ƙasaaluminum gami

HZL206 da simintin gyare-gyaren da aka yi da zafi mai ɗorewa mai ƙunshe da ƙasa mai wuyar gaske wanda AVIC ya haɓaka yana da mafi girman yanayin zafin jiki da kuma yanayin zafin ɗaki idan aka kwatanta da nickel mai ɗauke da gami a ƙasashen waje, kuma ya kai matakin ci gaba na irin wannan gami a ƙasashen waje.Yanzu ana amfani da shi azaman bawul mai jure matsin lamba don jirage masu saukar ungulu da jirage masu saukar ungulu tare da zafin aiki na 300 ℃, maye gurbin ƙarfe da gami da titanium.Rage nauyin tsari kuma an saka shi cikin samar da yawa.Ƙarfin ƙarfi nakasa kasaaluminum silicon hypereutectic ZL117 gami a 200-300 ℃ ya fi na yammacin Jamus piston gami KS280 da KS282.Juriyar sawa shine sau 4-5 mafi girma fiye da na piston alloys ZL108 da aka saba amfani da shi, tare da ƙaramin haɓakar faɗaɗa madaidaiciya da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau.An yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin haɗi na jirgin sama KY-5, KY-7 iska compressors da pistons model na jirgin sama.Bugu da kari nakasa kasaabubuwa zuwa aluminum gami muhimmanci inganta microstructure da inji Properties.Hanyar aiwatar da abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a cikin aluminium alloys shine don samar da rarrabawar rarraba, kuma ƙananan mahadi na aluminum suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙarfafa kashi na biyu;Bugu da kari nakasa kasaabubuwa suna taka rawa wajen tsaftacewa da tsarkakewa, don haka rage adadin pores a cikin gami da inganta aikinta;Rare ƙasamahadi na aluminium, kamar nau'in kristal iri-iri don tace hatsi da matakan eutectic, suma nau'in gyare-gyare ne;Abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya suna inganta samuwar da gyaran matakan ƙarfe mai arzikin ƙarfe, suna rage illolinsu.α- Adadin bayani mai ƙarfi na ƙarfe a cikin A1 yana raguwa tare da haɓakarkasa kasaƙari, wanda kuma yana da amfani don inganta ƙarfi da filastik.

Aikace-aikace nakasa kasakayan konewa a fasahar sojan zamani

3.1 Tsaftaƙarancin ƙasa karafa

Tsaftaceƙarancin ƙasa karafa, saboda abubuwan sinadarai masu aiki, suna da wuyar amsawa tare da oxygen, sulfur, da nitrogen don samar da barga mahadi.Lokacin da aka fuskanci matsanancin rikici da tasiri, tartsatsin wuta na iya kunna kayan wuta.Saboda haka, a farkon 1908, an yi shi da dutse.An gano cewa daga cikin 17kasa kasaabubuwa, abubuwa shida ciki har dacerium, lantanum, neodymium, praseodymium, samari, kumayttriumsuna da kyakkyawan aikin konewa na musamman.Mutane sun juya kaddarorin kona rne ƙasa karafazuwa nau'ikan makamai masu ƙonewa, kamar US Mark 82 227 makami mai linzami, wanda ke amfani da shi.Ƙarfe na ƙasa mai wuyarufi, wanda ba wai kawai ke haifar da tasirin kashe bama-bamai ba har ma da tasirin konewa.Jirgin yakin Amurka na "Damping Man" na iska zuwa kasa yana sanye da sandunan murabba'in karfe 108 na duniya da ba kasafai ba a matsayin layi, wanda ya maye gurbin wasu tarkace.Gwajin fashewar bama-bamai a tsaye ya nuna cewa ikonsa na kunna man jiragen sama sama da kashi 44% sama da na marasa layi.

3.2 GaurayeƘarfe na ƙasa mai wuyas

Saboda tsadar tsaftarare earth metals,kasashe daban-daban suna amfani da hadaddiyar giyar mai tsadaƘarfe na ƙasa mai wuyas a cikin konewa makamai.Abun da aka haɗaƘarfe na ƙasa mai wuyaAna ɗora wakilin konewa a cikin harsashi na ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin babban matsin lamba, tare da yawan adadin konewa na (1.9 ~ 2.1) × 103 kg / m3, saurin konewa 1.3-1.5 m / s, diamita na harshen wuta na kusan 500 mm, zafin wuta kamar yadda yake girma kamar 1715-2000 ℃.Bayan konewa, tsawon lokacin dumama jiki ya fi mintuna 5.A lokacin yakin Vietnam, sojojin Amurka sun harba gurneti mai cin wuta mai tsawon mita 40 ta hanyar amfani da na'urar harba, kuma wutar da ke ciki ta kasance da wani nau'in karfen da ba kasafai ba.Bayan tsinkayar ta fashe, kowane guntu tare da layin wuta na iya kunna abin da ake nufi.A wancan lokacin, samar da bam na wata-wata ya kai 200000 zagaye, tare da iyakar 260000.

3.3Rare ƙasakonewa gami

Akasa kasakonewa gami da yin la'akari 100 g na iya samar da tartsatsi 200-3000 tare da babban ɗaukar hoto, wanda yayi daidai da kashe radius na huda sulke da sulke sokin sulke.Don haka, haɓaka harsasai masu yawa tare da ikon konewa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin haɓaka harsashi a gida da waje.Don huda sulke da harsashi na huda sulke, dabararsu tana buƙatar cewa bayan shigar da makaman tankunan abokan gaba, za su iya kunna mai da harsasai don lalata tankin gaba ɗaya.Don bama-bamai, ana buƙatar kunna kayan aikin soji da wuraren dabarun kashe su.An bayar da rahoton cewa, wani bam mai ɗorewa na robobi da aka yi a Amurka yana da jikin da aka yi da fiberglass ƙarfafan nailan da wani gauraye da ba a iya gani ba, wanda ake amfani da shi don samun sakamako mai kyau akan abubuwan da ke ɗauke da man jiragen sama da makamantansu.

Aikace-aikace na 4Rare DuniyaKayayyakin Kariyar Soja da Fasahar Nukiliya

4.1 Aikace-aikace a Fasahar Kariyar Soja

Abubuwan da ba kasafai ba suna da kaddarorin juriya na radiation.Cibiyar National Centre for Neutron Cross Sections a Amurka ta yi amfani da kayan polymer a matsayin ma'auni kuma ta yi nau'in faranti guda biyu tare da kauri na 10 mm tare da ko ba tare da ƙarin abubuwan da ba kasafai ba don gwajin kariya ta radiation.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tasirin garkuwar neutron thermal nakasa kasapolymer kayan ne 5-6 sau fiye da nakasa kasakayan polymer kyauta.Abubuwan ƙasa da ba kasafai suke da ƙarin abubuwa kamarsamari, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, da dai sauransu suna da mafi girman ɓangaren shayarwar neutron kuma suna da tasiri mai kyau akan kama neutrons.A halin yanzu, manyan aikace-aikacen da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba na kayan kariya daga radiation a cikin fasahar soja sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa.

4.1.1 Kare radiation ta nukiliya

Amurka tana amfani da 1% boron da kashi 5% na abubuwan da ba kasafai bagadolinium, samari, kumalantanumdon yin kankare mai kauri mai kauri mai tsayin mita 600 don garkuwa da tushen neutron na fission a cikin ma'aunin ruwan wanka.Faransa ta ƙirƙira wani abu mai karewa da ba kasafai ba ta hanyar ƙara borides,kasa kasamahadi, korare duniya gamito graphite a matsayin substrate.Ana buƙatar filler na wannan kayan kariya mai haɗaka da za a rarraba a ko'ina kuma a sanya shi cikin sassan da aka riga aka tsara, wanda aka sanya a kusa da tashar reactor bisa ga bukatun daban-daban na sassan garkuwa.

4.1.2 Tank thermal radiation garkuwa

Ya ƙunshi yadudduka huɗu na veneer, tare da jimlar kauri na 5-20 cm.Na farko Layer an yi shi da gilashin fiber ƙarfafa filastik, tare da inorganic foda ƙara da 2%kasa kasamahadi a matsayin filler don toshe neutrons mai sauri da kuma sha jinkirin neutrons;Yadudduka na biyu da na uku suna ƙara graphite boron, polystyrene, da ƙananan abubuwan duniya waɗanda ke lissafin kashi 10% na jimlar adadin adadin zuwa na farko don toshe tsaka-tsakin neutrons na makamashi da kuma ɗaukar neutrons na thermal;Layer na huɗu yana amfani da graphite maimakon gilashin fiber, kuma yana ƙara 25%kasa kasamahadi don sha thermal neutrons.

4.1.3 Wasu

Ana nemakasa kasaMaganin rigakafin radiation zuwa tankuna, jiragen ruwa, matsuguni, da sauran kayan aikin soja na iya samun tasirin anti radiation.

4.2 Aikace-aikace a Fasahar Nukiliya

Rare ƙasayttrium oxideza a iya amfani da shi azaman mai ƙonewa don man uranium a cikin ma'aunin ruwa mai tafasa (BWRs).Daga cikin dukkan abubuwa,gadoliniumyana da mafi ƙarfi ikon sha neutrons, tare da kusan 4600 hari a kowace zarra.Kowane halittagadoliniumAtom yana sha kusan 4 neutrons kafin gazawar.Idan aka haxa shi da uranium mai fission.gadoliniumzai iya inganta konewa, rage yawan amfani da uranium, da kuma ƙara yawan makamashi.Gadolinium oxidebaya samar da deuterium mai cutarwa kamar boron carbide, kuma yana iya dacewa da duka man uranium da kayan shafansa yayin halayen nukiliya.Amfanin amfanigadoliniummaimakon boron shinegadoliniumza a iya haɗa kai tsaye da uranium don hana faɗaɗa sandar mai na nukiliya.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, a halin yanzu akwai na'urori masu sarrafa makamashin nukiliya guda 149 a duniya, wadanda 115 da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin amfani da ruwa mai karfin ruwa.gadolinium oxide. Rare ƙasasamari, europium, kumadysprosiumAn yi amfani da su azaman masu shayarwa neutron a cikin masu shayarwa.Rare ƙasa yttriumyana da ɗan ƙaramin yanki mai kamawa a cikin neutrons kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan bututu don narkakken gishirin reactors.Siraran foils tare da ƙarawakasa kasa gadoliniumkumadysprosiumza a iya amfani da matsayin neutron filin ganowa a cikin sararin samaniya da kuma makaman nukiliya masana'antu injiniya, kadan yawakasa kasathuliumkumaerbiumza a iya amfani da matsayin manufa kayan don shãfe haske tube neutron janareta, darare duniya oxideeuropium karfe yumbu za a iya amfani da su yi ingantattun reactor iko goyon bayan faranti.Rare ƙasagadoliniumHakanan za'a iya amfani dashi azaman abin ƙarawa don hana raɗaɗin neutron, da motocin sulke da aka lulluɓe da sutura na musamman waɗanda ke ƙunshe da su.gadolinium oxideiya hana neutron radiation.Rare ƙasa ytterbiumana amfani da shi a cikin kayan aiki don auna geostress da fashewar nukiliya ta karkashin kasa ke haifarwa.Yaushekasa kasahytterbiumana fuskantar da karfi, juriya yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana iya amfani da canjin juriya don ƙididdige matsin lamba da aka yi masa.Hadawakasa kasa gadoliniumZa a iya amfani da foil ɗin da aka ajiye ta wurin ajiyar tururi da rufaffiyar rufaffiyar abin damuwa don auna yawan damuwa na nukiliya.

5,Aikace-aikacenRare DuniyaAbubuwan Magnet na Dindindin a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Thekasa kasam abu maganadisu, yaba a matsayin sabon ƙarni na Magnetic sarakuna, a halin yanzu da aka sani da mafi girma m yi m maganadisu abu.Yana da mafi girman kaddarorin maganadisu fiye da sau 100 fiye da karfen maganadisu da aka yi amfani da su a kayan aikin soja a shekarun 1970.A halin yanzu, ya zama wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin sadarwar fasahar lantarki ta zamani, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin bututun igiyar ruwa da masu zazzagewa a cikin tauraron dan adam na duniya, radar, da sauran fannoni.Saboda haka, yana da mahimmancin soja.

SamariumAna amfani da maganadisu na cobalt da neodymium baƙin ƙarfe boron maganadisu don hasken lantarki da ke mai da hankali a cikin tsarin jagora na makami mai linzami.Magnets sune manyan na'urori masu mayar da hankali ga igiyoyin lantarki da kuma watsa bayanai zuwa saman sarrafa makami mai linzami.Akwai kusan fam 5-10 (2.27-4.54 kg) na maganadisu a cikin kowace na'urar jagora ta makami mai linzami.Bugu da kari,kasa kasaAna kuma amfani da maganadisu don tuka injinan lantarki da jujjuya tudun makamai masu linzami.Fa'idodin su ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ingantattun kaddarorin maganadisu da nauyi mai nauyi idan aka kwatanta da ainihin abubuwan maganadisu na nickel cobalt na aluminium.

6 .Aikace-aikacenRare DuniyaKayayyakin Laser a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Laser sabon nau'in tushen hasken haske ne wanda ke da kyakkyawan monochromaticity, shugabanci, da daidaituwa, kuma yana iya samun haske mai girma.Laser da kumakasa kasaLaser kayan da aka haife lokaci guda.Ya zuwa yanzu, kusan kashi 90% na kayan Laser sun haɗakasa rare.Misali,yttriumaluminum Garnet crystal Laser ne da aka yi amfani da shi sosai wanda zai iya samun ci gaba da fitarwa mai ƙarfi a zafin jiki.Aikace-aikacen lasers mai ƙarfi a cikin soja na zamani ya haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa.

6.1 Laser kewayon

TheneodymiumdopedyttriumAluminum Garnet Laser rangefinder wanda kasashe irin su Amurka, Burtaniya, Faransa, da Jamus suka kirkira na iya auna nisan har zuwa mita 4000 zuwa 20000 tare da daidaiton mita 5.Tsarin makaman kamar Amurka MI, Damisa na II na Jamus, Leclerc na Faransa, Nau'in 90 na Japan, Makka na Isra'ila, da sabon tankin Challenger 2 na Birtaniyya da suka ƙera duk suna amfani da irin wannan nau'in na'urar tantancewa.A halin yanzu, wasu ƙasashe suna haɓaka sabon ƙarni na ingantattun na'urorin laser don kare lafiyar ido na ɗan adam, tare da kewayon tsayin aiki na 1.5-2.1 μM.holmiumdopedyttriumLaser na lithium fluoride a cikin Amurka da Ingila, tare da tsawon aiki na 2.06 μM, wanda ya kai har zuwa 3000 m.Har ila yau, {asar Amirka ta ha] a hannu da kamfanonin laser na duniya, don haɓaka erbium-dopedyttriumLithium fluoride Laser tare da tsawon zangon 1.73 μ M's Laser rangefinder kuma sanye take da sojoji.Matsakaicin tsayin laser na kewayon sojojin kasar Sin shine 1.06 μ M, wanda ya kai daga 200 zuwa 7000 m.Kasar Sin na samun muhimman bayanai daga na'urorin telebijin na Laser a ma'aunin ma'auni a lokacin harba rokoki masu cin dogon zango, da makamai masu linzami, da tauraron dan adam na sadarwa na gwaji.

6.2 Jagorar Laser

Bama-bamai masu jagorar Laser suna amfani da laser don jagorar tasha.Ana amfani da Laser na Nd · YAG, wanda ke fitar da dumbin bugun jini a cikin dakika guda, don kunna hasken Laser da aka yi niyya.Ana kiyaye juzu'i kuma hasken wuta zai iya jagorar kai da kai mai martaba, ta haka ne ke hana kutse daga ƙaddamar da makiyaya da makiya da makiya ke saiti.Sojojin Amurka GBV-15 glider bam, wanda kuma aka sani da "bam mai lalata".Hakazalika, ana iya amfani da shi don kera harsashi masu shiryarwa na Laser.

6.3 Sadarwar Laser

Baya ga Nd · YAG, kayan aikin laser na lithiumneodymiumphosphate crystal (LNP) ne polarized da kuma sauki modulate, yin shi daya daga cikin mafi m micro Laser kayan.Ya dace a matsayin tushen haske don sadarwar fiber optic kuma ana sa ran za'a yi amfani da shi a cikin haɗaɗɗun abubuwan gani da sadarwa na cosmic.Bugu da kari,yttriumIron Garnet (Y3Fe5O12) crystal guda ɗaya za a iya amfani da shi azaman na'urori daban-daban na magnetostatic surface kalaman ta amfani da fasahar haɗin kai ta microwave, yin na'urorin haɗaɗɗun su da ƙaramin ƙarfi, da samun aikace-aikace na musamman a cikin radar nesa, telemetry, kewayawa, da matakan lantarki.

7.Aikace-aikacenRare DuniyaManyan Kayayyakin Gudanarwa a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Lokacin da wani abu ya sami juriyar sifili a ƙasa da takamaiman zafin jiki, ana san shi da superconductivity, wanda shine zafin jiki mai mahimmanci (Tc).Superconductors wani nau'in kayan antimagnetic ne wanda ke tunkuɗe duk wani yunƙuri na amfani da filin maganadisu da ke ƙasa da matsanancin zafin jiki, wanda aka sani da tasirin Meisner.Ƙara abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya zuwa kayan sarrafa kayan aiki na iya ƙara ƙimar zafin jiki mai mahimmanci Tc.Wannan yana haɓaka haɓaka haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen kayan haɓakawa sosai.A cikin 1980s, ƙasashe masu ci gaba irin su Amurka da Japan sun ƙara wani adadinrare duniya oxides kamarlantanum, yttrium,europium, kumaerbiumzuwa barium oxide dajan karfe oxidemahadi, waɗanda aka gauraye, manne, da kuma sintered don samar da superconducting yumbu kayayyakin, yin tartsatsi aikace-aikace na superconducting fasahar, musamman a cikin soja aikace-aikace, mafi m.

7.1 Superconducting hadedde da'irori

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da bincike game da aikace-aikacen fasaha mai mahimmanci a cikin kwamfutoci na lantarki a ƙasashen waje, kuma an samar da manyan hanyoyin haɗakarwa ta hanyar amfani da kayan yumbura masu girma.Idan ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira don kera kwamfutoci masu ƙarfi, ba kawai za su kasance ƙanana ba, girman nauyi, da kuma dacewa don amfani, amma kuma suna da saurin kwamfuta da sauri sau 10 zuwa 100 fiye da kwamfutoci na semiconductor, tare da ayyukan iyo a kan iyo. kai sau tiriliyan 300 a cikin dakika daya.Don haka, rundunar sojan Amurka ta yi hasashen cewa da zarar an ƙaddamar da kwamfutoci masu ƙarfi, za su zama “multiplier” don yaƙi da tsarin C1 a cikin soja.

7.2 Ƙarfafa fasahar binciken maganadisu

Abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci na Magnetic da aka yi da kayan yumbu masu ɗaukar nauyi suna da ƙaramin ƙarami, yana sauƙaƙa don cimma haɗin kai da tsararru.Za su iya samar da tsarin gano tashoshi da yawa da tsarin gano ma'auni masu yawa, suna haɓaka ƙarfin bayanin naúrar sosai da haɓaka nisan ganowa da daidaiton injin ganowa.Yin amfani da na'urorin magnetometer masu ƙarfi ba kawai zai iya gano maƙasudin motsi kamar tankuna, motoci, da jiragen ruwa ba, har ma auna girman su, wanda ke haifar da gagarumin canje-canje a cikin dabaru da fasaha kamar anti tanki da yaƙin jirgin ruwa.

An ba da rahoton cewa, sojojin ruwan Amurka sun yanke shawarar kera tauraron dan adam mai gano nesa ta hanyar amfani da wannankasa kasaƙwaƙƙwaran kayan aiki don nunawa da haɓaka fasahar fahimtar nesa ta gargajiya.An harba wannan tauraron dan adam mai suna Naval Earth Image Observatory a shekara ta 2000.

8.Aikace-aikace naRare DuniyaGiant Magnetostrictive Materials a Fasahar Soja na Zamani

Rare ƙasaGiant magnetostrictive kayan sabon nau'in kayan aiki ne wanda aka haɓaka a ƙarshen 1980s a ƙasashen waje.Yawanci yana nufin mahaɗan ƙarfe na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba.Irin wannan nau'in kayan yana da ƙimar magnetostrictive da ya fi girma fiye da baƙin ƙarfe, nickel, da sauran kayan aiki, kuma ƙimar magnetostrictive ta kusan sau 102-103 fiye da na kayan magnetostrictive na gabaɗaya, don haka ana kiransa manyan ko ƙaƙƙarfan kayan magnetostrictive.Daga cikin duk kayan kasuwanci, ƙarancin ƙasa giant magnetostrictive kayan suna da mafi girman ƙima da kuzari ƙarƙashin aikin jiki.Musamman tare da ci gaban ci gaba na Terfenol-D magnetostrictive gami, an buɗe sabon zamanin na kayan magnetostrictive.Lokacin da aka sanya Terfenol-D a cikin filin maganadisu, girman girmansa ya fi na kayan maganadisu na yau da kullun, wanda ke ba da damar samun wasu madaidaicin motsi na inji.A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi sosai a fagage daban-daban, daga tsarin mai, sarrafa bawul ɗin ruwa, matsayar micro zuwa injina don na'urorin hangen nesa da masu kula da fikafikan jiragen sama.Haɓaka fasahar kayan abu na Terfenol-D ya sami ci gaba a cikin fasahar juyawa ta lantarki.Kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa fasahar zamani, fasahar soja, da sabunta masana'antun gargajiya.Aiwatar da kayan aikin magnetostrictive na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a cikin sojan zamani ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

8.1 Sonar

Mitar sonar gabaɗaya ta wuce 2 kHz, amma ƙananan mitar sonar da ke ƙasa da wannan mitar yana da fa'ida ta musamman: ƙananan mitar, ƙarami da raguwa, mafi nisa sautin kalaman yana yaduwa, kuma ƙasa da ƙasa ya shafi garkuwar echo na ƙarƙashin ruwa.Sonars da aka yi da kayan Terfenol-D na iya saduwa da buƙatun babban iko, ƙaramin ƙara, da ƙarancin mitar, don haka sun haɓaka cikin sauri.

8.2 Masu fassara na injin lantarki

Anfi amfani dashi don ƙananan na'urori masu sarrafawa - masu kunnawa.Ciki har da daidaiton sarrafawa wanda ya kai matakin nanometer, da kuma famfunan servo, tsarin allurar mai, birki, da sauransu. Ana amfani da motocin soja, jirgin saman soja da jiragen sama, robobin soja, da sauransu.

8.3 Sensors da na'urorin lantarki

Irin su magnetometer na aljihu, na'urori masu auna firikwensin don gano ƙaura, ƙarfi, da haɓakawa, da na'urori masu ƙara sautin ƙararrawa.Ana amfani da na ƙarshe don na'urori masu auna firikwensin lokaci a cikin ma'adinai, sonar, da abubuwan ajiya a cikin kwamfutoci.

9. Sauran kayan

Sauran kayan kamarkasa kasakayan luminescent,kasa kasahydrogen kayan ajiya, rare duniya giant magnetoresistive kayan,kasa kasaMagnetic kayan refrigeration, dakasa kasaAn yi nasarar amfani da kayan ajiya na magneto-optical a cikin aikin soja na zamani, wanda ke inganta tasirin yaƙi na zamani.Misali,kasa kasaAn yi nasarar amfani da kayan haske ga na'urorin hangen nesa na dare.A cikin madubin hangen nesa na dare, phosphors na duniya da ba kasafai suke canza photons (makamashi haske) zuwa electrons, waɗanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar miliyoyin ƙananan ramuka a cikin jirgin sama na fiber optic microscope, suna nuna baya da baya daga bango, suna fitar da ƙarin electrons.Wasu phosphoors na duniya da ba kasafai ba a ƙarshen wutsiya suna canza electrons zuwa photons, don haka ana iya ganin hoton tare da guntun ido.Wannan tsari yana kama da na allon talabijin, indakasa kasaFoda mai kyalli yana fitar da wani hoton launi akan allon.Masana'antar Amurka galibi suna amfani da niobium pentoxide, amma don tsarin hangen nesa na dare don yin nasara, abubuwan da ba kasafai ake samun su balantanumbangare ne mai mahimmanci.A yakin Gulf, sojojin kasashen duniya da dama sun yi amfani da wadannan tabarau na gani na dare don lura da wuraren da sojojin Irakin suka kai wa hari akai-akai, domin samun nasara kadan.

10 .Kammalawa

Ci gaban dakasa kasaMasana'antu sun inganta ci gaban fasahar soja ta zamani yadda ya kamata, da kuma inganta fasahar soji ta kuma haifar da ci gaba mai albarka nakasa kasamasana'antu.Na yi imani cewa tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha na duniya cikin sauri,kasa kasakayayyakin za su taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa fasahar soja ta zamani tare da ayyukansu na musamman, da kuma kawo babbar fa'ida ta fuskar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa gakasa kasamasana'antu kanta.