Akwai wani irin karfe mai tsafi.A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, yana bayyana a cikin nau'in ruwa kamar mercury.Idan ka jefar da shi a kan gwangwani, za ka yi mamakin ganin cewa kwalbar ta zama mai rauni kamar takarda, kuma za ta karya da poke kawai.Bugu da ƙari, zubar da shi a kan karafa irin su tagulla da baƙin ƙarfe ma yana haifar da wannan yanayin, wanda za a iya kira "ƙarfe mai ƙare".Me ke sa ta kasance da irin waɗannan halaye?Yau za mu shiga duniyar karfe gallium.
1. Menene kashigallium karfe
Gallium element yana cikin rukuni na huɗu na IIIA a cikin tebur na abubuwan lokaci-lokaci.Matsayin narkewar gallium mai tsafta yana da ƙasa sosai, kawai 29.78 ℃, amma wurin tafasa yana da girma kamar 2204.8 ℃.A lokacin rani, yawancinsa yana kasancewa a matsayin ruwa kuma ana iya narke lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin dabino.Daga abubuwan da ke sama, za mu iya fahimtar cewa gallium na iya lalata sauran karafa daidai gwargwado saboda ƙarancin narkewar sa.Liquid gallium yana samar da gami da wasu karafa, wanda shine abin sihiri da aka ambata a baya.Abubuwan da ke cikinsa a cikin ɓawon duniya kusan 0.001% ne kawai, kuma ba a gano wanzuwar sa ba sai shekaru 140 da suka gabata.A shekara ta 1871, masanin ilmin sunadarai na kasar Rasha Mendeleev ya taqaitar da tebur na abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci kuma ya annabta cewa bayan zinc, akwai kuma wani sinadari da ke ƙasa da aluminum, wanda ke da kama da aluminum kuma ana kiransa "aluminum kamar element".A cikin 1875, lokacin da masanin kimiya na Faransa Bowabordland ke nazarin dokokin layin ƙarfe na abubuwan ƙarfe na dangi ɗaya, ya sami wani bakon haske a cikin sphalerite (ZnS), don haka ya sami wannan “aluminum kamar sinadari”, sannan ya sa masa suna ƙasar mahaifiyarsa. Faransa (Gaul, Latin Gallia), mai alamar Ga don wakiltar wannan sinadari, don haka gallium ya zama sinadari na farko da aka yi hasashe a tarihin gano abubuwan sinadarai, sannan ya sami sinadarin da aka tabbatar a cikin gwaje-gwaje.
Ana rarraba Gallium a China, Jamus, Faransa, Ostiraliya, Kazakhstan da sauran ƙasashe na duniya, wanda yawan albarkatun gallium na kasar Sin ya kai sama da kashi 95 cikin 100 na adadin duniya, wanda aka rarraba a yankunan Shanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Henan, Guangxi. da sauran wurare [1].Dangane da nau'in rarraba, Shanxi, Shandong da sauran wurare sun fi kasancewa a cikin bauxite, Yunnan da sauran wurare a cikin tin tama, kuma Hunan da sauran wurare sun kasance a cikin sphalerite.A farkon gano karfen gallium, saboda rashin gudanar da bincike daidai gwargwado kan yadda ake amfani da shi, mutane sun yi imani da cewa karfe ne mai karancin amfani.Duk da haka, tare da ci gaba da ci gaban fasahar sadarwa da zamani na sabon makamashi da fasaha mai zurfi, gallium karfe ya sami kulawa a matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci a fannin bayanai, kuma buƙatarsa ya karu sosai.
2. Filin Aikace-aikacen Metal Gallium
1. Filin Semiconductor
An fi amfani da Gallium a fagen kayan aikin semiconductor, tare da kayan gallium arsenide (GaAs) da aka fi amfani da su kuma fasahar ta fi girma.A matsayin mai watsa labarai, kayan aikin semiconductor sun kai kashi 80 zuwa 85% na jimlar yawan amfani da gallium, galibi ana amfani da su wajen sadarwa mara waya.Gallium arsenide amplifiers na iya haɓaka saurin watsa sadarwa zuwa sau 100 fiye da na cibiyoyin sadarwa na 4G, wanda zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shiga zamanin 5G.Bugu da ƙari, za a iya amfani da gallium azaman matsakaici na watsar zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen semiconductor saboda halayen thermal, ƙarancin narkewa, babban ƙarfin zafi, da kyakkyawan aiki mai gudana.Yin amfani da ƙarfe na gallium a cikin nau'i na gallium na tushen galli a cikin kayan masarufi na thermal na iya haɓaka ƙarfin ɓarkewar zafi da ingancin kayan aikin lantarki.
2. Kwayoyin hasken rana
Ci gaban ƙwayoyin hasken rana ya tafi daga farkon monocrystalline silicon hasken rana Kwayoyin zuwa polycrystalline silicon bakin ciki film Kwayoyin.Saboda tsadar sel na fim ɗin siliki na polycrystalline, masu bincike sun gano jan ƙarfe indium gallium selenium thin film (CIGS) sel a cikin kayan semiconductor [3].Kwayoyin CIGS suna da fa'idodin ƙananan farashin samarwa, manyan samar da tsari, da ƙimar canjin hoto mai girma, don haka suna da fa'idodin haɓaka haɓaka.Na biyu, gallium arsenide hasken rana Kwayoyin suna da gagarumin abũbuwan amfãni a cikin juzu'i yadda ya dace idan aka kwatanta da bakin ciki fina-finan da aka yi da sauran kayan.Koyaya, saboda tsadar kayan aikin gallium arsenide, a halin yanzu ana amfani da su a fagen sararin samaniya da na soja.
3. makamashin hydrogen
Tare da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da rikicin makamashi a duk faɗin duniya, mutane suna neman maye gurbin hanyoyin da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba, wanda makamashin hydrogen ya yi fice.Koyaya, tsadar tsada da ƙarancin aminci na ajiyar hydrogen da sufuri suna hana haɓakar wannan fasaha.A matsayin mafi yawan nau'in ƙarfe a cikin ɓawon burodi, aluminum na iya amsawa da ruwa don samar da hydrogen a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, wanda shine madaidaicin kayan ajiya na hydrogen, Duk da haka, saboda sauƙin iskar oxygen na saman aluminum oxide don samar da fim din aluminum oxide. , wanda ke hana amsawa, masu bincike sun gano cewa gallium mai ƙarancin narkewa na iya samar da galli tare da aluminum, kuma gallium na iya narkar da murfin aluminum oxide na saman, yana barin abin da ya faru ya ci gaba [4], kuma za'a iya sake yin amfani da gallium na karfe kuma a sake amfani da shi. .Yin amfani da kayan gallium gallium na aluminum yana magance matsalar saurin shirye-shirye da ajiya mai aminci da sufuri na makamashin hydrogen, inganta aminci, tattalin arziki, da kare muhalli.
4. Filin likitanci
Ana amfani da Gallium a fannin likitanci saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da shi na musamman na radiation, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don yin hoto da hana ciwace-ciwacen daji.Magungunan Gallium suna da ayyukan antifungal da ƙwayoyin cuta na zahiri, kuma a ƙarshe suna samun haifuwa ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.Sannan ana iya amfani da gallium gami wajen kera ma’aunin zafi da sanyio, kamar gallium indium tin thermometers, wani sabon nau’in nau’in karfen ruwa wanda ba shi da lafiya, ba mai guba ba, da kuma kare muhalli, kuma ana iya amfani da shi wajen maye gurbin ma’aunin zafi da sanyio na mercury mai guba.Bugu da kari, wani kaso na gallium tushen gami ya maye gurbin al'adar azurfar amalgam kuma ana amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen asibiti azaman sabon kayan cika hakori.
3. Outlook
Ko da yake kasar Sin na daya daga cikin kasashen da ke samar da sinadarin gallium a duniya, har yanzu akwai matsaloli da dama a masana'antar gallium ta kasar Sin.Saboda ƙarancin abun ciki na gallium a matsayin ma'adinai na abokin tarayya, masana'antun samar da gallium sun warwatse, kuma akwai raunin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a cikin sarkar masana'antu.Tsarin hakar ma'adinan yana da mummunar gurɓatar muhalli, kuma ƙarfin samar da gallium mai tsafta yana da rauni sosai, galibi yana dogara ne akan fitar da gallium mara nauyi a farashi mai sauƙi da shigo da gallium mai tsafta akan farashi mai tsada.To sai dai kuma, idan aka samu ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, da inganta rayuwar jama'a, da kuma yadda ake amfani da sinadarin gallium a fannonin bayanai da makamashi, haka nan ma bukatar gallium za ta karu cikin sauri.Fasahar samar da sinadarin gallium mai tsafta ba makawa za ta sami cikas ga ci gaban masana'antu na kasar Sin.Samar da sabbin fasahohi na da matukar muhimmanci ga samun ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha mai inganci a kasar Sin.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-17-2023