Lambar atomic nathulium elementshine 69 kuma nauyin atomic shine 168.93421.Abubuwan da ke cikin ɓawon ƙasa shine kashi biyu cikin uku na 100000, wanda shine mafi ƙanƙanta mafi ƙarancin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa.Yafi zama a cikin silico beryllium yttrium ore, black rare earth zinariya ore, phosphorus yttrium ore, da monazite.Yawan juzu'in abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya a cikin monazite gabaɗaya ya kai 50%, tare da lissafin thulium na 0.007%.A na halitta barga isotopes ne kawai thulium 169. Yadu amfani a high-karfin samar da hasken wuta, Laser, high-zazzabi superconductor, da sauran filayen.
Gano Tarihi
An gano shi: PT Cleve
An gano shi a cikin 1878
Bayan da Mossander ya raba erbium earth da terbium earth daga yttrium a shekara ta 1842, masanan kimiyya da yawa sun yi amfani da bincike mai zurfi don ganowa da sanin cewa ba su da tsabtar oxides na wani sinadari, wanda ya ƙarfafa masanan su ci gaba da raba su.Bayan rabuwaytterbium oxidekumascandium oxidedaga oxidized koto, Cliff ya raba biyu sabon elemental oxides a 1879. Daya daga cikinsu mai suna thulium don tunawa da Cliff mahaifarsa a cikin Scandinavian Peninsula (Thulia), tare da kashi alama Tu da yanzu Tm.Tare da gano thulium da sauran abubuwan da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, an kammala sauran rabin mataki na uku na gano abubuwan da ba kasafai ba.
Tsarin lantarki
Tsarin lantarki
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13
Thuliumfarin ƙarfe ne na azurfa mai ƙarfi kuma ana iya yanka shi da wuka a buɗe saboda laushinsa;Matsayin narkewa 1545 ° C, wurin tafasa 1947 ° C, yawa 9.3208.
Thulium yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali a cikin iska;Thulium oxidecrystal ne koren haske.Gishiri (gishiri divalent) oxides duk launin kore ne mai haske.
Aikace-aikace
Kodayake thulium yana da wuyar gaske kuma yana da tsada, har yanzu yana da wasu aikace-aikace a fannoni na musamman.
Madogarar hasken fitarwa mai ƙarfi
Sau da yawa ana shigar da Thulium cikin maɓuɓɓugan haske mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin nau'in halides masu tsafta (yawanci thulium bromide), tare da manufar amfani da bakan thulium.
Laser
Uku doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho: Cr: Tm: YAG) m-jihar bugun jini Laser za a iya samar da ta amfani da thulium ion, chromium ion, da holium ion a yttrium aluminum garnet, wanda zai iya fitar da wani zango na 2097 nm;Ana amfani da shi sosai a fagen soja, likitanci, da kuma yanayin yanayi.Tsayin Laser da thulium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Tm: YAG) mai ƙarfi-jihar bugun jini ya fito daga 1930 nm zuwa 2040 nm.Ablation a saman kyallen takarda yana da tasiri sosai, saboda zai iya hana clotting daga zama mai zurfi a cikin iska da ruwa.Wannan ya sa thulium lasers suna da babban yuwuwar aikace-aikace a cikin aikin tiyata na asali.Laser Thulium yana da matukar tasiri wajen kawar da saman nama saboda karancin kuzarinsa da karfin shigarsa, kuma yana iya hadewa ba tare da haifar da rauni mai zurfi ba.Wannan ya sa thulium lasers suna da babban damar yin amfani da su a cikin aikin tiyata
Thulium doped Laser
tushen X-ray
Duk da tsadar farashin, na'urorin X-ray masu ɗaukar hoto da ke ɗauke da thulium an fara amfani da su sosai azaman tushen radiation a cikin halayen nukiliya.Waɗannan tushen radiation suna da tsawon rayuwa na kusan shekara guda kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman kayan aikin likitanci da na haƙori, da kuma kayan aikin gano lahani don abubuwan injina da na lantarki waɗanda ke da wahalar isa ta wurin ɗan adam.Wadannan tushen radiation ba sa buƙatar kariya mai mahimmanci - kawai ana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin gubar.Aikace-aikacen thulium 170 a matsayin tushen radiation don maganin ciwon daji na kusa yana ƙara yaduwa.Wannan isotope yana da rabin rayuwa na kwanaki 128.6 da layukan fitarwa biyar masu ƙarfi (7.4, 51.354, 52.389, 59.4, da 84.253 kiloelectron volts).Thulium 170 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin hasken masana'antu guda huɗu da aka fi amfani da su.
Babban zafin jiki superconducting kayan
Hakazalika da yttrium, thulium kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin manyan masu zafin jiki.Thulium yana da yuwuwar ƙimar amfani a cikin ferrite azaman abin maganadisu yumbu da ake amfani da shi a cikin kayan aikin microwave.Saboda bakan sa na musamman, ana iya amfani da thulium zuwa hasken fitilar arc kamar scandium, kuma koren hasken da fitilun arc ke fitarwa ta amfani da thulium ba zai rufe shi da layukan fitar da wasu abubuwa ba.Saboda ikonsa na fitar da haske mai shuɗi a ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet, thulium kuma ana amfani da shi azaman ɗaya daga cikin alamun hana jabu a cikin takardun banki na Yuro.Ana amfani da hasken shuɗi mai shuɗi wanda calcium sulfate wanda aka ƙara tare da thulium a cikin ƙirar mutum don gano adadin radiation.
Sauran aikace-aikace
Saboda bakan sa na musamman, ana iya amfani da thulium a cikin hasken fitilun arc kamar scandium, kuma koren hasken da fitulun arc ke fitarwa da ke dauke da thulium ba zai rufe shi da layukan fitar da wasu abubuwa ba.
Thulium yana fitar da haske mai shuɗi a ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin alamun hana jabu a cikin takardun banki na Yuro.
Yuro ƙarƙashin hasken UV, tare da bayyanannun alamun hana jabu
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-25-2023