Holmium, atomic lamba 67, atomic nauyi 164.93032, kashi sunan da aka samo daga wurin haifuwar mai ganowa.
Abun ciki naholmiuma cikin ɓawon burodi shine 0.000115%, kuma yana wanzu tare da sauranabubuwan da ba kasafai baa cikin monazite da ma'adanai na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba.Tsarin isotope na dabi'a shine kawai holmium 165.
Holmium yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin iska mai bushe kuma yana oxidizes da sauri a yanayin zafi;Holmium oxidean san yana da mafi ƙarfi paramagnetic Properties.
Ana iya amfani da fili na holmium azaman ƙari don sabbin kayan ferromagnetic;Ana amfani da Holmium iodide don kera fitilu na halide na ƙarfe -holium fitilu, kuma ana amfani da Laser na Holmium sosai a fannin likitanci.
Gano Tarihi
An gano ta: JL Soret, PT Cleve
An gano shi daga 1878 zuwa 1879
Tsarin ganowa: JL Soret ya gano a 1878;An gano ta PT Cleve a cikin 1879
Bayan Mossander ya raba erbium ƙasa daterbiumkasa dagayttriumduniya a cikin 1842, yawancin masanan sunadarai sun yi amfani da bincike mai zurfi don ganowa da sanin cewa ba su da tsabta oxides na wani kashi, wanda ya ƙarfafa masanan su ci gaba da raba su.Bayan raba ytterbium oxide dascandium oxidedaga oxidized koto, Cliff ya raba biyu sabon elemental oxides a 1879. Daya daga cikinsu suna mai suna Holmium don tunawa da Cliff ta haihuwar, tsohon sunan Latin Holmia a Stockholm, Sweden, tare da matakin farko alama Ho.A cikin 1886, Bouvabadrand ya raba wani kashi daga holmium, amma sunan holmium ya ci gaba.Tare da gano holmium da sauran abubuwan da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, an kammala wani mataki na uku na gano abubuwan da ba kasafai ba.
Tsarin lantarki:
Tsarin lantarki:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f11
Karfe ne wanda, kamar dysprosium, zai iya sha neutrons da aka samar ta hanyar fission na nukiliya.
A cikin makamashin nukiliya, a gefe guda, ana ci gaba da konewa, kuma a daya bangaren, ana sarrafa saurin amsawar sarkar.
Bayanin Element: Ƙarfin ionization na farko shine 6.02 volts na lantarki.Yana da haske na ƙarfe.Yana iya sannu a hankali ya amsa da ruwa kuma ya narke cikin acidic dilute.Gishiri rawaya ne.Oxide Ho2O2 kore ne mai haske.Narkar da a cikin ma'adinai acid don samar da trivalent ion gishiri rawaya.
Tushen tushen: an shirya ta hanyar rage holium fluoride HoF3 · 2H2O tare da calcium.
Karfe
Holmium farin ƙarfe ne na azurfa tare da laushi mai laushi da ductility;Matsayin narkewa 1474 ° C, wurin tafasa 2695 ° C, yawa 8.7947 g/cm holmium mita ³.
Holmium yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin iska mai bushe kuma yana oxidizes da sauri a yanayin zafi;An san Holmium oxide yana da mafi kyawun kayan aikin paramagnetic.
Samun mahadi waɗanda za a iya amfani da su azaman ƙari don sababbin kayan ferromagnetic;Holmium iodide da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kera fitilu na karfe halide - fitilu na holmium
Aikace-aikace
(1) A matsayin ƙari ga fitulun halide na ƙarfe, fitulun halide na ƙarfe nau'in fitilar iskar gas ne da aka haɓaka bisa ga fitilun mercury masu matsananciyar matsa lamba, wanda ke bayyana ta hanyar cika kwan fitila da halides daban-daban na duniya.A halin yanzu, babban abin da ake amfani da shi shine iodide na duniya, wanda ke fitar da launuka daban-daban yayin fitar da iskar gas.Abun aiki da ake amfani da shi a cikin fitilun holmium shine holmium iodide, wanda zai iya cimma babban taro na atom ɗin ƙarfe a cikin yankin arc, yana haɓaka haɓakar radiation sosai.
(2) Ana iya amfani da Holmium azaman ƙari don yttrium iron ko yttrium aluminum garnet.
(3).Don haka lokacin amfani da Ho: YAG Laser don aikin tiyata na likita, ba wai kawai za a iya inganta ingantaccen aikin tiyata da daidaito ba, har ma ana iya rage yankin lalacewar thermal zuwa ƙaramin girma.Ƙaƙwalwar kyauta da lu'ulu'u na holmium ke samarwa zai iya kawar da mai ba tare da samar da zafi mai yawa ba, ta haka ne ya rage lalacewar zafin jiki ga kyallen takarda.An ba da rahoton cewa maganin Laser na Holmium na glaucoma a Amurka zai iya rage radadin marasa lafiya da ake yi wa tiyata.China 2 μ Matsayin m Laser lu'ulu'u ya kai matakin duniya, kuma ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari don haɓakawa da samar da irin wannan nau'in lu'ulu'u na laser.
(4) A cikin magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol D, ƙananan adadin holmium kuma za'a iya ƙara don rage filin waje da ake buƙata don jikewa magnetization na gami.
(5) Yin amfani da holium doped fiber na iya yin na'urorin sadarwa na gani kamar fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, da firikwensin fiber, wanda zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen saurin ci gaban sadarwar fiber optic a yau.
(6) Fasahar lithotripsy Laser Holmium: Lithotripsy holmium na likitanci ya dace da tsakuwar koda, duwatsun urethra, da duwatsun mafitsara waɗanda ba za a iya karyewa ta hanyar lithotripsy ba.Lokacin amfani da lithotripsy na likita na holmium laser lithotripsy, ana amfani da siririyar fiber na laser holmium na likitanci don isa ga mafitsara, ureter, da duwatsun koda kai tsaye ta hanyar urethra da ureter ta hanyar cystoscope da ureteroscope.Bayan haka, ƙwararrun urology suna sarrafa Laser na holium don karya duwatsu.Amfanin wannan hanyar maganin Laser na holmium shine cewa yana iya magance duwatsun urethra, tsakuwar mafitsara, da mafi yawan duwatsun koda.Abin da ke da lahani shi ne, ga wasu duwatsun da ke cikin na sama da na ƙasa na renal, za a iya samun ɗan ƙaramin adadin duwatsun da suka rage saboda gazawar fiber na holmium Laser da ke shiga daga ureturar don isa wurin dutse.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-16-2023