Cerium shi ne 'babban ɗan'uwa' wanda ba a gardama a cikin babban dangin abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya.Da fari dai, jimillar dumbin ƙasan da ba kasafai ba a cikin ɓawon burodi ya kai 238ppm, tare da cerium a 68ppm, wanda ke lissafin kashi 28% na jimlar abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya da matsayi na farko;Na biyu, cerium shine kashi na biyu da ba kasafai ake ganowa ba shekaru tara bayan gano yttrium (1794).Aikace-aikacen sa yana da yawa sosai, kuma "cerium" ba zai iya tsayawa ba
Gano Abubuwan Cerium
Carl Auer von Welsbach
An gano Cerium kuma an ba shi suna a cikin 1803 ta Jamus Kloppers, masanin kimiyar Sweden J ö ns Jakob Berzelius, da masanin ma'adinai na Sweden Wilhelm Hisinger.Ana kiranta ceria, kuma ana kiran ma'adininta cerite, don tunawa da Ceres, wani asteroid da aka gano a shekara ta 1801. Haƙiƙa, irin wannan nau'in cerium silicate wani gishiri ne mai ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 66% zuwa 70% cerium, sauran kuma mahadi na calcium. , Iron, dayttrium.
Farkon amfani da cerium shine murhuwar iskar gas wanda masanin kimiyar Austriya Carl Auer von Welsbach ya ƙirƙira.A cikin 1885, ya yi ƙoƙarin haɗakar magnesium, lanthanum, da yttrium oxide, amma waɗannan gaurayawan sun fitar da haske kore ba tare da nasara ba.
A cikin 1891, ya gano cewa thorium oxide mai tsabta ya samar da haske mafi kyau, ko da yake shuɗi ne, kuma ya haɗe da Cerium (IV) oxide don samar da haske mai haske.Bugu da ƙari, Cerium (IV) oxide kuma za a iya amfani dashi azaman mai kara kuzari ga konewar thorium oxide.
Cerium karfe
★ Cerium ne mai ductile da taushi azurfa farin karfe tare da aiki Properties.Lokacin da aka fallasa shi, zai zama oxidized, samar da tsatsa kamar peeling oxide Layer.Lokacin da zafi, yana ƙone kuma yana amsawa da sauri da ruwa.Samfurin karfen cerium mai girman centimita ya lalace gaba daya cikin kusan shekara guda.Kauce wa lamba tare da iska, karfi oxidants, karfi acid, da halogens.
Cerium yafi wanzuwa a monazite da bastnaesite, haka kuma a cikin fission kayayyakin uranium, thorium, da plutonium.Mai cutarwa ga muhalli, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga gurbatar ruwa.
★ Cerium shine kashi na 26 mafi yawan ma'auni, yana lissafin 68ppm na ɓawon ƙasa, na biyu sai jan ƙarfe (68ppm).Cerium ya fi yawa fiye da na yau da kullun kamar gubar (13pm) da tin (2.1pm).
Tsarin Electron na Cerium
Shirye-shiryen lantarki:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p66s2 4f1 5d1
Cerium yana bayan lanthanum kuma yana da 4f electrons wanda ke farawa daga cerium, yana sauƙaƙa shiga cikin halayen sunadarai.Duk da haka, 5d orbital na cerium yana shagaltar da shi, kuma wannan tasirin bai isa ba a cerium.
★ Yawancin Lanthanide na iya amfani da electrons guda uku ne kawai a matsayin Valence electron, ban da cerium, wanda ke da tsarin lantarki mai canzawa.Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 4f kusan iri ɗaya ne da na 5d na waje da na 6s electrons da aka karkata a cikin yanayin ƙarfe, kuma ƙaramin adadin kuzari kawai ake buƙata don canza aikin dangi na waɗannan matakan makamashi na lantarki, wanda ya haifar da ƙimar darajar biyu. +3 da+4.Yanayin al'ada shine+3 valence, yana nuna+4 valence a cikin ruwan anaerobic.
Aikace-aikacen cerium
★ Za'a iya amfani da shi azaman ƙari na gami da samar da gishirin cerium, da sauransu.
★ Ana iya amfani da shi azaman ƙarar gilashi don ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet da infrared, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin gilashin Mota.
★ Ana iya amfani da shi azaman kyakkyawan kayan kariya na muhalli, kuma a halin yanzu mafi yawan wakilai shine na'urar tsabtace kayan aikin mota, wanda ke hana babban adadin iskar iskar gas ɗin da ake fitarwa cikin iska.
★ Haskeabubuwan da ba kasafai bawanda ya ƙunshi cerium kamar yadda masu kula da haɓakar tsire-tsire na iya haɓaka ingancin amfanin gona, ƙara yawan amfanin gona, da haɓaka juriya ga amfanin gona.
★ Cerium sulfide na iya maye gurbin karafa irin su gubar da cadmium masu illa ga muhalli da kuma dan Adam a cikin launi, suna iya canza launin robobi, kuma ana iya amfani da su a masana'antar sutura da tawada.
★Cerium (IV) oxideana iya amfani da shi azaman fili mai gogewa, alal misali, a cikin polishing Chemical-mechanical (CMP).
★ Cerium kuma za a iya amfani da matsayin hydrogen ajiya kayan, thermoelectric kayan, cerium tungsten lantarki, Ceramic capacitor, piezoelectric yumbu, cerium silicon carbide abrasives, man fetur cell albarkatun, fetur catalysts, m Magnetic kayan, likita kayan, daban-daban gami karfe da wadanda ba- ƙarfe ƙarfe .
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-03-2023