Erbium, kashi na 68 a cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci.
Ganowarerbiumcike yake da juyi da juyi.A shekara ta 1787, a wani karamin garin Itby mai tazarar kilomita 1.6 daga birnin Stockholm na kasar Sweden, an gano wata sabuwar kasa da ba kasafai ba a cikin wani bakar dutse mai suna yttrium earth bisa ga wurin da aka gano.Bayan juyin juya halin Faransa, masanin ilmin sinadarai Mossander ya yi amfani da sabuwar fasahar da aka ƙera don rage matakin farkoyttriumdaga yttrium duniya.A wannan lokaci, mutane sun gane cewa yttrium duniya ba "bangaren guda ɗaya" ba ne kuma sun sami wasu oxides guda biyu: ana kiran ruwan hoda.erbium oxide, kuma mai haske purple wanda ake kira terbium oxide.A cikin 1843, Mossander ya gano erbium kumaterbium, amma bai yarda cewa abubuwa biyu da aka gano suna da tsafta kuma mai yuwuwa gauraye da wasu abubuwa.A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, a hankali mutane sun gano cewa lallai akwai abubuwa da yawa da suka gauraya a cikinsa, kuma a hankali sun sami wasu abubuwan ƙarfe na lanthanide banda erbium da terbium.
Nazarin erbium bai kasance mai santsi ba kamar yadda aka gano shi.Ko da yake Maussand ya gano ruwan hoda erbium oxide a shekara ta 1843, sai a shekara ta 1934 ne samfurori masu tsabta.erbium karfean fitar da su saboda ci gaba da inganta hanyoyin tsarkakewa.Ta hanyar dumama da tsarkakewaerbium chlorideda potassium, mutane sun sami nasarar rage erbium ta ƙarfe potassium.Duk da haka, abubuwan da ke cikin erbium sun yi kama da sauran abubuwan ƙarfe na lanthanide, wanda ya haifar da kusan shekaru 50 na tsayawa a cikin bincike mai alaƙa, kamar maganadisu, ƙarfin gogayya, da haɓakar walƙiya.Har zuwa 1959, tare da aikace-aikacen tsarin lantarki na musamman na 4f Layer na erbium atom a cikin filayen gani masu tasowa, erbium ya sami kulawa kuma an haɓaka aikace-aikacen erbium da yawa.
Erbium, fari fari na azurfa, yana da laushi mai laushi kuma kawai yana nuna ƙarfin feromagnetism kusa da sifili.Superconductor ne kuma a hankali iska da ruwa ke sanya shi a cikin zafin jiki.Erbium oxidekalar ja ce da aka fi amfani da ita a masana'antar ain kuma tana da kyalli.Erbium ya fi mayar da hankali ne a cikin duwatsu masu aman wuta kuma yana da ma'adinan ma'adinai masu yawa a kudancin China.
Erbium yana da fitattun kaddarorin gani kuma yana iya juyar da infrared zuwa haske mai gani, yana mai da shi ingantaccen abu don yin abubuwan gano infrared da na'urorin hangen dare.Hakanan ƙwararrun kayan aiki ne a cikin gano photon, mai iya ci gaba da ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar takamaiman matakan tashin ion a cikin ƙarfi, sannan ganowa da ƙirga waɗannan photon don ƙirƙirar na'urar gano hoto.Duk da haka, ingancin sha kai tsaye na photons ta trivalent erbium ions bai yi girma ba.Sai a shekarar 1966 ne masana kimiyya suka ƙera na'urar lesar ta erbium ta hanyar ɗaukar siginar gani a kaikaice ta hanyar ions na taimako sannan kuma a tura makamashi zuwa erbium.
Ka'idar Laser erbium tana kama da na holmium Laser, amma makamashinta ya yi ƙasa da na holmium Laser.Ana iya amfani da Laser erbium tare da tsawon nanometer 2940 don yanke nama mai laushi.Kodayake irin wannan nau'in Laser a tsakiyar yankin infrared yana da ƙarancin shigar ciki, ana iya ɗaukar shi da sauri ta hanyar danshi a cikin kyallen jikin ɗan adam, yana samun sakamako mai kyau tare da ƙarancin kuzari.Yana iya datse, niƙa, da cire kyallen takarda masu laushi, samun saurin warkar da rauni.Ana amfani da shi sosai a aikin tiyatar Laser kamar rami na baki, farin cataract, kyakkyawa, cire tabo, da kawar da wrinkles.
A cikin 1985, Jami'ar Southampton da ke Burtaniya da Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas a Japan sun yi nasarar ƙera na'urar amplifier mai erbium-doped fiber.A halin yanzu, kwarin Optics na Wuhan a birnin Wuhan na lardin Hubei, kasar Sin na iya kera wannan na'urar kara karfin fiber mai karfin erbium tare da fitar da shi zuwa Arewacin Amurka, Turai, da sauran wurare.Wannan aikace-aikacen yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙirƙira a cikin sadarwar fiber optic, idan dai wani yanki na erbium ya kasance mai ƙara kuzari, zai iya rama asarar siginar gani a cikin tsarin sadarwa.Wannan amplifier a halin yanzu shine na'urar da aka fi amfani da ita a cikin sadarwar fiber optic, mai iya watsa siginar gani ba tare da raunana ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-16-2023