1, ma'anar kayan nukiliya
A cikin babban hankali, kayan nuclear shine gaba daya don kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da shi a masana'antar makaman nukiliya da kayan nukiliya, watau kayan masarufin nukiliya.
Abubuwan da aka saba magana da kayan nukiliya sun ambata kayan nukiliya da aka yi amfani da su a sassa daban-daban na mai martani, wanda aka sani da kayan kayan masarufi. Kayan kayan masarufi sun hada da mai nukiliya wanda ya harba makaman nukiliya a karkashin bam din nukiliya, masu tsara su, masu tsara su wadanda ke hana neutron leakage a waje da mai martaba.
2, dangantakar abokantaka tsakanin albarkatun ƙasa da albarkatun nukiliya
Miyozite, wanda ake kira Phosphocerite da phospholicerite, wani ma'adinai ma'adinan kayan aiki ne na yau da kullun a cikin dutsen acid Igneous dutsen da kuma dutsen metamorphic. Monozite yana daya daga cikin manyan ma'adanai na rashin ƙarfe na duniya, kuma kuma yana wanzu a wani yanki mai ban tsoro. Browaniya ja, rawaya, wani lokacin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, tare da mai sanyaya mai launin shuɗi, cikakke, masara, mohs wuya na 5-5.5, da takamaiman nauyi na 4.9-5.5.
Babban ma'adinan da na wani nau'in matattarar ƙasa da ke cikin gida shine Monzite, galibi yana cikin Tongcheng, Hubei, Yueyang, Jiangxi, Yunnan, da gundumar, Guangxi. Koyaya, hakar nau'in nau'in yanayin ƙasa mai wuya a ƙasan albarkatu sau da yawa ba shi da mahimmancin tattalin arziki. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa suna ɗauke da abubuwa masu kyau sau da yawa kuma su ma babban tushen putonium na kasuwanci.
3, Takaitawa na aikace-aikacen Aikace-aikacen Duniya a saman Majalisar Kemukulle da Nukiliya dangane da bincike na Patent Patoramic
Bayan kalmomin bincike na abubuwan bincike na ƙasa da yawa suna faɗaɗa cikakke, an haɗa su tare da Maɓallan Exansion da kuma lambobin nukiliya da kuma haɓakar wuraren wasan nukiliya. Ranar bincike shine Agusta 24, 2020. 480. 4820. 483. 483. 483. 483. 483. An tabbatar da kayan haɗin dangi mai sauƙi, kuma an ƙaddara wasu kayan kwalliya 4673 bayan raguwar hutawa na wucin gadi.
Aikace-aikacen Patent Aikace-aikacen Patent a fagen rukuni na Nukiliya ko kuma aikace-aikacen Nukiliya da Rasha, da Unions sun ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tsari cikin sauri, a kasar Jamus, da Rasha sun ci gaba da shimfidarsa a wannan fagen don shekaru da yawa (Hoto 1).
Hoto na 1 Aikace-aikace na shafi na fasaha da suka shafi aikace-aikacen duniya a cikin Hukumar Nukiliya Nukiliya da Fasahar Nukiliya a kasashe / yankuna
Ana iya gani daga bincike game da jigogin jigogi na fasaha wanda aikace-aikacen ƙasa da ke cikin makaman nukiliya, masu ganowa, kayan kwalliya, kayan kwalliya, kayan maye, kayan maye, ɗakunan karewa da sauran hanyoyin fasaha.
4, takamaiman aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace da kuma hanyoyin biyan kuɗi na abubuwa masu wuya a cikin kayan nukiliya
Daga cikin su, fusatar makaman nukiliya da halayen nukiliya da kuma halayen nukiliya na nukiliya a cikin kayan nukiliya suna da ƙarfi, kuma bukatun kayan su ne tsaurara. A halin yanzu, reactors masu aikin wuta galibi sune masu amfani da makaman nukiliya, da masu binciken fuonon a kan babban sikeli bayan shekaru 50. Aikace-aikacenRasa Duniyaabubuwa a cikin kayan tsarin zamani; A cikin takamaiman filayen makami na nukiliya, abubuwan duniya da yawa ana amfani da su ne kawai a cikin sandunan sarrafa; Bugu da kari,tsirar da ruwaAn kuma yi amfani da shi a cikin radiochemistry da masana'antar nukiliya.
(1) azaman guba mai guba ko sanda sarrafawa don daidaita matakin neutron da mahimmancin yanayin mahimmancin makoki
A cikin masu mallakar wutar lantarki, wani lokacin hutun farko na sabon cores gabaɗaya yana da girma. Musamman ma a farkon matakan sake zagayowar na farko, lokacin da duk man nukiliya a cikin zuciyar sabon abu ne, sauran hutun da ya kasance shine mafi girma. A wannan gaba, dogaro da ƙara yawan sanduna na sarrafawa don rama kayan aikin ci gaba zai gabatar da ƙarin sanduna. Kowane sanda na sarrafawa (ko sanda na sanda) ya dace da gabatarwar ƙirar tuki. A gefe guda, wannan yana ƙaruwa farashin, kuma a gefe guda, buɗe ramuka a cikin matsin iska na iya haifar da raguwar tsarin. Ba wai kawai ba shi bane ba wai kawai ba ne, amma kuma ba a yarda ya sami wani adadin poronos da tsarin mulki a kan jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa ba. Koyaya, ba tare da ƙara yawan sandunan sarrafawa ba, ya zama dole don ƙara yawan haɗuwa da gubobi (kamar boric acid) don rama ga sauran ha'inci. A wannan yanayin, abu ne mai sauki ga maida hankali ga borenolold, kuma zazzabi mai dacewa na mai tsarin hanya zai zama mai kyau.
Don guje wa matsalolin da aka ambata a ƙarshe, haɗuwa da gubobi na dillali, sarrafa kayan sarrafawa, da kuma ikon sarrafawa za'a iya amfani dashi gabaɗaya don sarrafawa.
(2) azaman dopant don haɓaka aikin kayan girke-girke
Masu reactors suna buƙatar kayan aikin tsarin tsari don samun takamaiman matakin ƙarfi, yayin da kwanciyar hankali na lalata, yayin da kwanciyar hankali na lalata.
1) .rare qwur karfe
Resular nukiliya yana da yanayin jiki da na sunadarai, kuma kowane ɓangaren martani na mahalli shima yana da babban buƙatu don ƙarfe na ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi. Abubuwa masu saukar da ƙasa suna da tasirin gyare-gyare na musamman akan ƙarfe, galibi ciki har da tsarkakewa, metamorphism, microalloming, da haɓaka lalata juriya. Hakanan ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙarfe da yawa a cikin masu amfani da makaman nukiliya.
Tasirin tsarkakewa: Binciken data kasance yana nuna cewa duniya baki ƙasa suna da tasiri mai kyau a cikin molten karfe a yanayin zafi. Wannan saboda yawancin duniya ƙasa da wuya na iya amsawa tare da abubuwa masu lahani kamar oxygen da sulfur a cikin ƙarfe na narkewa don samar da mahaɗan zafi don samar da mahaɗan zafi. Za'a iya prociunds masu tsayi da zazzabi a cikin nau'in inclusions kafin ƙyallen karfe, don haka rage abun da ke cikin kwalliyar karfe.
② Metamorphism: a gefe guda, okides, sulfed ko oxyulfies da ba a samu ba a cikin molten karfe tare da daskararren ƙarfe tare da meltensions da babban molten. Za'a iya amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta azaman cibiyoyin nucleation a yayin yin gyare-gyare na ƙarfe na molten, don haka inganta sifa da tsarin ƙarfe.
③ ogalloying: Idan ƙarin ƙasan duniya na ƙara ƙaruwa, sauran ƙasan wuya za a iya narkar da ƙasa a cikin ƙarfe bayan an gama tsarkakakken sama da menamorphentism. Tun lokacin da atomic radius na ƙasa mai wuya ya fi na na baƙin ƙarfe, ƙasa mai wuya yana da babban aiki. A lokacin aiwatar da gyada ta molten karfe, karancin duniya abubuwa ana wadatar dasu a kan iyakar hatsi a kan iyakar hatsi, don haka ƙarfafa m bayani da wasa da m microinting. A gefe guda, saboda duk halayen ajiya na hydrogen na ƙasan ƙasan, za su iya ɗaukar hydrogen a cikin karfe, don haka yana inganta haɓakar ƙwayar cuta ta ƙarfe.
Idan ke haifar da juriya juriya: Abubuwa masu karancin duniya zasu iya inganta juriya na lalata. Wannan saboda sauran ƙasashe masu wuya suna da mafi girman lalata kansu fiye da bakin karfe. Sabili da haka, kamar yadda ƙasan ƙasa mai wuya na iya haɓaka yiwuwar yiwuwar lalata baƙin ƙarfe na jiki, don inganta kwanciyar hankali na ƙarfe a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na lalata.
2). Cigaban Patent na Bincike
Key Patent: Hanyoyin kirkirar Saxide sun karfafa low low Karfe da hanyar Shirye-shiryenta ta hanyar Cibiyar Kimiyya
Lambar Patent 0.03% ≤ Ta ≤ 0.2%, 0.1 ≤ Mn ≤ 0.6%, and 0.05% ≤ Y2O3 ≤ 0.5%.
Masana'antuY2o3 nanoparticleMixed foda, hakar enpening foda, hadin kan gyada, zafi mirgina, da magani mai zafi.
Hanyar ƙasa Bugawa: ƙara NanoscaleY2o3barbashi zuwa iyaye Suffed foda don ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa, tare da saurin matsakaici na ƙwaya na 350, da kuma saurin ƙwaya na 350-500 r / min.
3).
① mizani na Neutron Radid kare
Neutrons abubuwa ne na atomic nuclei, tare da staticar strat na 1.675 × 10-27kg, wanda shine sau 1838 da yawan lantarki. RADIUST ta kusan 0.8 × 10-15m, mai kama da girman zuwa proton, mai kama da haskoki sun yi birgima. A lokacin da neutrons ma'amala tare da kwayoyin halitta, galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da sojojin makaman nukiliya a cikin nukiliya, kuma kada kuyi hulɗa tare da wayoyin waje a cikin bututun waje a cikin ƙasan waje.
Tare da saurin ci gaban makamashin nukiliya da fasahar mukiliya, an biya ƙarin da kuma kulawa da kare lafiyar nukiliya da kare lafiyar nukiliya. Don karfafa kariya ta Radiation ga masu aiki wadanda suka yi tsunduma cikin ingantaccen kayan aiki da kuma wani muhimmin mahimmanci na kimiyya da kuma darajar tattalin arziki don haɓaka tsare-tsaren kimiyya don suturar kariya. Neutron Radation shine mafi mahimmancin sashi na radiation na makullin nukiliya. Gabaɗaya, yawancin masu haɗari a cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da 'yan Adam sun yi jinkiri ga masu ƙarancin ƙarfi bayan tasirin kayan aikin a cikin kayan aikin nukiliya. Matsakaicin ƙananan makamashi zai yi karo da nuclei tare da lambar atomic lambar elastically kuma gaba da zama da yawa. Abubuwan da ke cikin zurfin zuriya na daɗaɗɗiya za su tuna da manyan sassan kelean wasan kwaikwayo mafi kusa da suutron, kuma a ƙarshe neutron garkuwa.
② Key Petent na karatu
Da porous da kwayoyin halitta-inorganic naRare DuniyagadoliniumAbubuwan da aka danganta da kayan jikin gungumiyar karfe Skeleton suna haɓaka su da polyethylene, haɓaka kayan haɗin gyaran da zasu sami mafi girman abun ciki na gaddineum da gadolinium watsawa. Babban abun cikin Gadolinium da watsawa zai shafi aikin neutron kaictron na aikin kayan aikin.
Kamfanin Kayayyakin Kayayyaki
Patent abstrac: Gadolinium Bishiyar Karfe Tsarin Gwal Kwayar hannu Kadaici abu ne wanda aka shiryagadoliniumDangane da karfe kwayoyin kwarangwal Skeleton tare da polyethylene a cikin wani nauyi rabo na 2: 1: 10 da kuma samar da shi ta hanyar sauran ƙarfi da aka tura ko matsi. Gadolinium brown karfe na kwayoyin halitta skeleton kayan haɗin garken suna da ƙarfin walwala da ikon da ke kantar da yake aiki.
Masana'antu tsari: Zabi dabanƙarfe gadolinium karfeSalts da Ligands na kwastomomi don shirya da kuma samar da nau'ikan kwayoyin halittar da aka ba da izini a cikin gurɓataccen wuraren da aka ba da izini. Gadolinium bisa tsarin kwarangwal din da aka shirya a mataki ya narke tare da nauyin kwayoyin halittar polyethyle a babban zafin jiki mai tsayi har sai cikakke gauraye; Sanya hade da hadari ga gafolinium a rubuce na karfe kwayoyin halittun kwarangwal a kan kayan karfe ta hanyar bushewa zuwa ga samar da kariya ko matsi; A shirye ne gadolinium brown karfe na kwayoyin halitta kwararru na kare kariya abu yana da muhimmanci inganta karfin zafi, kaddarorin inji, da kuma mafi girman kan therron neelron kayan da aka kwatanta da tsarkakakken kayan polyethylene.
Rare earth addition mode: Gd2 (BHC) (H2O) 6, Gd (BTC) (H2O) 4 or Gd (BDC) 1.5 (H2O) 2 porous crystalline coordination polymer containing gadolinium, which is obtained by coordination polymerization ofGD (A'a3) 3 • 6h2o ko GDCL3 • 6h2oda kuma Ligand na kwayoyin halitta; Girman girman gundolinium britt na kwayoyin halitta shine 50 μ m; gadolinium tushen karfe, ko kuma siffofin da aka tsara.
(4) Aikace-aikacenTsirar da ruwaA cikin radiochemistry da masana'antar nukiliya
Scandium Karfe mai kyau yana da kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yana sa shi abu mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar makamashi makamashi.
Cibiyar Patent: Cibiyar Kula da Kayan Kula da Libonaspace na Aeronautics, Ingantaccen Ingantaccen ZincNeum Scanium Slioy da hanyar shiri
Parnent abstract: Aluminum zincMagnesium Scanium Aloyda hanyar shiri. Tsarin sunadarai da nauyin kashi na aluminum zinc scition zinc 0.20%, sc 0.0%, sc 0.0%, sc 0.0% 0.15%, kuma sauran adadin shine Al. Maigidan na wannan alumin zinc scigaium abu riguna scanium suttura ne kuma aikinta yana da ƙarfi sosai, tare da ƙarfin tenarancin ƙarfin sama da 350mpta, da kuma ƙarfin da ke tattare da kayan haɗin gwiwa. Za'a iya amfani da samfuran kayan da aka tsara a matsayin abubuwan tsarin Aerospace, masana'antar nukiliya, kayan sufuri, makamai da sauran filayen.
Tsarin masana'antu: Mataki na 1, malida a bisa ga abubuwan da ke sama da kayan ciki; Mataki na 2: narke a cikin smence na smence a zazzabi na 700 ℃ ~ 780 ℃; Mataki na 3: Gyara mai narkewa mai narkewa gaba daya, da kuma kula da zafin jiki na ƙarfe a cikin kewayon 700 ℃ a lokacin sake; Mataki na 4: Bayan magancewa, ya kamata a yarda ya tsaya har yanzu; Mataki na 5: Bayan cikakken tsayuwa, fara casting, kula da zafin jiki, da saurin jefa ruwa shine 1530 ℃, da kuma saurin jefa-10 / minti; Mataki na 6: Yi maganin homogenation ennealing a kan alloy inger a cikin dumiyar tiyot, tare da zazzabi mai homogenization na 400 ℃; Mataki na 7: Kwasfa da homogenited Ingot kuma yi zafi mai zafi don samar da bayanan martaba tare da bango mai kauri na kan 2.0mm. A lokacin aiwatar da firgita, ya kamata a kula da billet a zazzabi na 350 ℃ zuwa 410 ℃; Mataki na 8: matsi bayanin martaba don maganin quearching maganin binciken, tare da maganin mafita na 460-480 ℃; Mataki na 9: Bayan sa'o'i 72 na m m bayani, da hannu karfi tsufa. Tsarin tsufa na Agem shine: 90 ~ 110 ℃ / 240 ℃ / awanni 170 ℃ / awanni 110 ~ / awanni 115 ~ / 10 ~ 155 ℃ / 10 ~ 155 ℃ / 10 hours ℃ / 10 hours ℃ / 10 hours.
5, taƙaitaccen bincike
On the whole, rare earths are widely used in nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, and have many patent layouts in such technical directions as X-ray excitation, plasma formation, light water reactor, transuranium, uranyl and oxide powder. Kamar yadda don kayan aikin reactor, za a iya amfani da ƙasan ƙasa mai wuya a matsayin kayan tsarin tsari da kuma kayan rufewa mai alaƙa da kayan rufewa, kayan sarrafawa da kayan kariya da kayan karewa.
Lokaci: Mayu-26-2023