Hanyar iskar iska ita ce hanyar oxidation da ke amfani da iskar oxygen a cikin iska don oxidizeceriumzuwa tetravalent a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.Wannan hanya yawanci ya haɗa da gasasshen fluorocarbon cerium ore mai da hankali, ƙarancin ƙasa oxalates, da carbonates a cikin iska (wanda aka sani da roasting oxidation) ko gasasshen ƙasa hydroxides (bushewar iskar shaka) ko gabatar da iska cikin ƙarancin ƙasa hydroxides slurry (rigar iska hadawan abu da iskar shaka) don hadawan abu da iskar shaka.
1. Gasasshen oxygenation
Roasting da fluorocarbon cerium maida hankali a cikin iska a 500 ℃ ko gasa da Baiyunebo rare earth maida hankali da sodium carbonate a cikin iska a 600-700 ℃.A lokacin bazuwar ma'adinan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, cerium a cikin ma'adinan yana oxidized zuwa tetravalent.Hanyoyin rabuwaceriumdaga samfuran calcined sun haɗa da ƙarancin ƙasa sulfate hanyar gishiri biyu, hanyar hakar sauran ƙarfi, da sauransu.
Baya ga gasasshen oxidation nakasa kasamayar da hankali, gishiri irin su rare earth oxalate da rare earth carbonate sha gasasshen bazuwa a cikin wani iska yanayi, da kuma cerium aka oxidized zuwa CeO2.Don tabbatar da kyakyawan solubility na cakuda oxide na ƙasa da ba kasafai da aka samu ta hanyar gasa ba, zafin gasasshen bai kamata ya yi girma ba, yawanci tsakanin 700 da 800 ℃.Ana iya narkar da Oxides a cikin maganin 1-1.5mol/L sulfuric acid ko 4-5mol/L maganin nitric acid.A lokacin da leaching gasasshen tama tare da sulfuric acid da nitric acid, cerium yafi shiga cikin maganin a cikin tetravalent tsari.Na farko ya haɗa da samun maganin sulfate na duniya wanda ba kasafai ya ƙunshi 50g/L REO a kusa da 45 ℃, sannan kuma samar da cerium dioxide ta amfani da hanyar hakar P204;Ƙarshen ya haɗa da shirya maganin nitrate na duniya mai wuya wanda ke dauke da REO na 150-200g/L a zafin jiki na 80-85 ℃, sa'an nan kuma amfani da hakar TBP don raba cerium.
Lokacin da aka narkar da oxides na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba tare da tsarma sulfuric acid ko nitric acid, CeO2 ba ya iya narkewa.Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙara ƙaramin adadin hydrofluoric acid zuwa maganin a matsayin mai haɓakawa a cikin mataki na ƙarshe na rushewa don haɓaka solubility na CeO2.
2. Dry iska hadawan abu da iskar shaka
Sanya hydroxide na duniya da ba kasafai ba a cikin tanderun bushewa kuma sanya shi a cikin yanayi mai iska a 100-120 ℃ na awanni 16-24.Halin oxidation shine kamar haka:
4Ce(OH)3+O2+2H2O=4Ce(OH)4
Matsakaicin iskar oxygenation na cerium zai iya kaiwa 97%.Idan an ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 140 ℃, ana iya rage lokacin iskar oxygen zuwa sa'o'i 4-6, kuma adadin iskar oxygen na cerium kuma zai iya kaiwa 97% ~ 98%.Tsarin iskar iska mai bushewa yana haifar da ƙura mai yawa da yanayin aiki mara kyau, waɗanda a halin yanzu ana amfani da su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
3. Atmospheric rigar iska hadawan abu da iskar shaka
Mix ƙasa hydroxide da ruwa don samar da slurry, sarrafa maida hankali na REO zuwa 50-70g/L, ƙara NaOH don ƙara alkalinity na slurry zuwa 0.15-0.30mol/L, kuma lokacin mai tsanani zuwa 85 ℃, kai tsaye gabatar da iska zuwa oxidize duk trivalent cerium a cikin slurry zuwa tetravalent cerium.A lokacin tsarin iskar oxygenation, ƙawancen ruwa yana da girma, don haka ya kamata a ƙara wani adadin ruwa a kowane lokaci don kula da kwanciyar hankali na ƙasa mai wuya.Lokacin da 40L na slurry ya zama oxidized a cikin kowane tsari, lokacin iskar oxygen shine 4-5 hours, kuma adadin iskar oxygen na cerium zai iya kaiwa 98%.Lokacin da 8m3 na rare duniya hydroxide slurry ne oxidized kowane lokaci, da iska ya kwarara kudi ne 8-12m3 / min, da kuma hadawan abu da iskar shaka lokacin da aka ƙara zuwa 15h, da hadawan abu da iskar shaka kudi na cerium iya isa 97% ~ 98%.
Halayen hanyar iskar iskar iskar shaka ta yanayi sune: babban adadin iskar oxygenation na cerium, babban fitarwa, yanayin aiki mai kyau, aiki mai sauƙi, kuma ana amfani da wannan hanyar a masana'antu don samar da ɗanyen cerium dioxide.
4. Matsi rigar iska hadawan abu da iskar shaka
A ƙarƙashin matsa lamba na al'ada, iskar oxygenation yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, kuma mutane suna rage lokacin iskar oxygen ta amfani da matsa lamba.Haɓakawa na iska, wato, haɓakar iskar oxygen a cikin tsarin, yana taimakawa ga rushewar iskar oxygen a cikin bayani da kuma yaduwar iskar oxygen zuwa farfajiyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin hydroxide na duniya, don haka yana hanzarta aiwatar da iskar oxygen.
Mix ƙasa hydroxide da ruwa zuwa kusan 60g/L, daidaita pH zuwa 13 tare da sodium hydroxide, tada zafin jiki zuwa kusan 80 ℃, gabatar da iska don hadawan abu da iskar shaka, sarrafa matsa lamba a 0.4MPa, da kuma oxidize for 1 hour.Matsakaicin iskar oxygenation na cerium zai iya kaiwa sama da 95%.A ainihin samarwa, da hadawan abu da iskar shaka albarkatun kasa rare earth hydroxide ana samu ta alkali tuba ta hanyar hazo na rare duniya sodium sulfate hadaddun gishiri.Don rage aikin, ana iya ƙara hazo na gishirin gishiri na ƙasa mai ƙarancin sodium sulfate da kuma maganin alkaline a cikin tanki mai matsa lamba, yana riƙe da wani matsa lamba da zafin jiki.Ana iya shigar da iska ko iskar oxygen mai yawa don canza ƙasa mai wuyar gaske a cikin hadadden gishiri zuwa ƙasa mai wuyar ruwa, kuma a lokaci guda, Ce (OH) 3 a cikinta za a iya oxidized zuwa Ce (OH) 4.
Karkashin yanayin matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar yanayi, ƙimar jujjuyawar alkali na hadadden gishiri, adadin iskar oxygen da cerium, da adadin iskar oxygen na cerium duk an inganta.Bayan mintuna 45 na amsawa, yawan juzu'i na alkali gishiri biyu da adadin iskar shaka na cerium ya kai sama da 96%.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-09-2023