Menene sinadarin holium?

1. Gano Abubuwan Halitta na Holmium
Bayan Mosander ya rabuerbiumkumaterbiumdagayttriuma cikin 1842, yawancin masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da bincike na kallo don gano su kuma sun ƙaddara cewa ba su da tsabta oxides na wani kashi, wanda ya ƙarfafa masanan su ci gaba da raba su. Bayan rabuwaytterbium oxidekumascandium oxidedaga ytterbium oxide, Cliff ya raba sabbin oxides guda biyu a cikin 1879. Daya daga cikinsu ana kiransa holmium don tunawa da wurin haifuwar Cliff, tsohon sunan Latin na Stockholm, babban birnin Sweden, Holmia, da alamar alama Ho. Daga baya, a cikin 1886, Boisbodran ya ware wani sinadari daga holmium, amma sunan holmium ya ci gaba. Tare da gano holmium da wasu abubuwan da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, an kammala sauran rabin mataki na uku na gano abubuwan da ba kasafai ake samun su ba.

2. Halin jiki na holmium
Holmium farin ƙarfe ne mai launin azurfa, mai laushi kuma mai ɗaci; Matsayin narkewa 1474°C, wurin tafasa 2695°C, yawan 8.7947g/cm³. Holmium yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin iska mai bushe kuma yana oxidizes da sauri a yanayin zafi;holium oxideshine mafi ƙarfi sananne abu paramagnetic. Ana iya amfani da mahadi na Holmium azaman ƙari don sabbin kayan ferromagnetic;holium iodideana amfani da shi don yin fitulun halide na ƙarfe - fitilu na holmium. Yana da tsayayye a cikin busasshiyar iska a zazzabi na ɗaki kuma a sauƙaƙe oxidized a cikin iska mai ɗanɗano kuma a yanayin zafi mai girma. Ka guji haɗuwa da iska, oxides, acid, halogens, da ruwa mai ɗanɗano. Yana fitar da iskar gas masu ƙonewa lokacin da ake hulɗa da ruwa; yana narkewa a cikin inorganic acid. Yana da tsayayye a cikin busasshiyar iska a cikin zafin jiki, amma oxidizes da sauri a cikin iska mai laushi da sama da zafin jiki. Yana da kaddarorin sinadaran aiki. Yana lalata ruwa a hankali. Yana iya haɗuwa da kusan dukkanin abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba. Ya wanzu a cikin yttrium silicate, monazite da sauran ma'adanai na duniya da ba kasafai ba. Ana amfani da shi don yin kayan haɗin gwal.

3. Abubuwan sinadarai na holium
Yana da tsayayye a cikin busasshiyar iska a zazzabi na ɗaki, kuma a sauƙaƙe oxidized a cikin iska mai laushi da kuma yanayin zafi mai girma. Ka guji haɗuwa da iska, oxides, acids, halogens, da ruwa mai laushi. Yana fitar da iskar gas masu ƙonewa lokacin da ake hulɗa da ruwa; yana narke a cikin inorganic acid. Yana da tsayayye a cikin busasshiyar iska a zazzabi na ɗaki, amma oxidizes da sauri a cikin iska mai laushi da sama da zafin jiki. Yana da kaddarorin sinadaran aiki. A hankali yana lalata ruwa. Ana iya haɗa shi da kusan dukkanin abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba. Ya wanzu a cikin yttrium silicate, monazite da sauran ma'adanai na duniya da ba kasafai ba. Ana amfani da shi don yin kayan haɗin gwal. Kamar dysprosium, ƙarfe ne wanda zai iya ɗaukar neutrons da ke haifar da fission na nukiliya. A cikin makamashin nukiliya, yana ci gaba da konewa a gefe guda kuma yana sarrafa saurin amsawar sarkar a daya bangaren. Bayanin sinadari: Yana da haske mai ƙarfe. Yana iya amsawa a hankali tare da ruwa kuma ya narke a cikin tsarma acid. Gishiri rawaya ne. Oxide Ho2O2 kore ne mai haske. Yana narkar da a cikin ma'adinai acid don samar da trivalent ion gishiri rawaya. Madogararsa: Ana yin ta ta hanyar ragewaholium fluorideHoF3 · 2H2O tare da alli.
mahadi
(1)Holmium oxidefari ne kuma yana da tsari guda biyu: cubic-cubic da monoclinic. Ho2O3 shine kawai tsayayyen oxide. Abubuwan sinadaransa da hanyoyin shirye-shirye iri ɗaya ne da na lanthanum oxide. Ana iya amfani dashi don yin fitilun holium.
(2)Holmium nitrateTsarin kwayoyin halitta: Ho (NO3) 3 · 5H2O; Yawan kwayoyin halitta: 441.02; Yawancin lokaci yana da ɗan illa ga jikunan ruwa. Kada ka ƙyale marar narkewa ko adadi mai yawa na samfurin ya haɗu da ruwan ƙasa, hanyoyin ruwa ko najasa. Kar a fitar da kayan cikin mahallin da ke kewaye ba tare da izinin gwamnati ba.

4.Hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na holmium
1. Holmium karfeza a iya samu ta hanyar rage anhydrousholium trichloride or holium trifluoridetare da alli na ƙarfe
2. Bayan an raba holmium daga sauran abubuwan duniya da ba kasafai ake samun su ba ta hanyar musayar ion ko fasahar hakar sauran ƙarfi, ana iya shirya holium na ƙarfe ta hanyar rage zafin ƙarfe. Lithium thermal rage na rare earth chloride ya bambanta da calcium thermal rage na rare earth chloride. Ana aiwatar da tsarin raguwa na tsohon a cikin lokacin gas. The lithium thermal rage reactor ya kasu kashi biyu dumama zones, da kuma ragewa da distillation tafiyar matakai a cikin wannan kayan aiki. Rashin ruwaholium chlorideana sanya shi a cikin babban ƙwanƙwasa reactor na titanium (haka ma ɗakin distillation na HoCl3), kuma ana sanya sinadarin lithium mai rage ragewa a cikin ƙananan crucible. Sannan ana kwashe tankin dauki na bakin karfe zuwa 7Pa sannan a yi zafi. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya kai 1000 ℃, ana kiyaye shi don wani lokaci don ba da izininHoCl3tururi da lithium tururi don cikakken amsawa, da kuma raguwar ƙwanƙolin ƙarfe na holmium ƙwanƙwasa sun faɗi cikin ƙasan crucible. Bayan an kammala aikin ragewa, ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa ne kawai za a yi zafi don tsoma LiCl a cikin babban crucible. Tsarin ragi yana ɗaukar kusan awa 10 gabaɗaya. Domin samar da mafi tsarki karfe holmium, rage wakili karfe lithium ya zama 99.97% high tsarki lithium da distilled anhydrous HoCl3 sau biyu ya kamata a yi amfani.