Nanotechnology da Nanomaterials: Nanometer Titanium Dioxide a cikin Kayan shafawa na Sunscreen
Fadin kalmomi
Kusan kashi 5% na haskoki da rana ke haskakawa suna da haskoki na ultraviolet tare da tsawon ≤400 nm. Za a iya raba haskoki na ultraviolet a cikin hasken rana: hasken ultraviolet mai tsayi mai tsayi tare da tsawon 320 nm ~ 400 nm, wanda ake kira A-type ultraviolet rays (UVA); Hasken ultraviolet mai matsakaicin raƙuman ruwa mai tsayi na 290 nm zuwa 320 nm ana kiran su nau'in ultraviolet radiation (UVB) da gajeriyar raƙuman hasken ultraviolet mai tsayin 200 nm zuwa 290 nm ana kiran nau'in C-nau'in ultraviolet.
Saboda gajeriyar zangonsa da ƙarfinsa, hasken ultraviolet yana da babban ƙarfi mai lalata, wanda zai iya lalata fatar mutane, yana haifar da kumburi ko kunar rana, kuma yana haifar da cutar kansar fata sosai. UVB shine babban abin da ke haifar da kumburin fata da kunar rana.
1. ka'idar kariya ta hasken ultraviolet tare da nano TiO2
TiO _2 na'ura mai kama da nau'in N-nau'i ne. The crystal nau'i na Nano-TiO _ 2 amfani da sunscreen kayan shafawa ne kullum rutile, da kuma haramtacce band nisa ne 3.0 eV Lokacin da UV haskoki tare da wavelength kasa da 400nm irradiate TiO _ 2, electrons a kan valence band iya sha UV haskoki da kuma zama m ga conduction band, da kuma electron-2 lokaci guda ne generated zuwa conduction band. aikin sha UV haskoki. Tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ɓangarorin ɗimbin yawa, Wannan yana ƙaruwa da yuwuwar toshewa ko tashe hasken ultraviolet.
2. Halayen nano-TiO2 a cikin kayan kwalliyar rana
2.1
High UV garkuwa yadda ya dace
Ƙarfin garkuwar ultraviolet na kayan kwalliyar rana yana bayyana ta hanyar kariya ta rana (ƙimar SPF), kuma mafi girman ƙimar SPF, mafi kyawun tasirin hasken rana. Matsakaicin makamashin da ake buƙata don samar da mafi ƙanƙanta erythema da ake iya ganowa don fata da aka lulluɓe da samfuran hasken rana zuwa makamashin da ake buƙata don samar da erythema na digiri ɗaya don fata ba tare da samfuran hasken rana ba.
Kamar yadda nano-TiO2 ke sha da watsar da hasken ultraviolet, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi kyawun hasken rana na jiki a gida da waje. Gabaɗaya, ikon nano-TiO2 don kare UVB shine sau 3-4 na nano-ZnO.
2.2
Dace girman girman barbashi
Ƙarfin garkuwar ultraviolet na nano-TiO2 an ƙaddara ta hanyar iya ɗaukarsa da ikon watsawa. Karamin girman asalin barbashi na nano-TiO2, yana da ƙarfi ƙarfin sha na ultraviolet. Dangane da ka'idar watsa haske ta Rayleigh, akwai mafi kyawun girman barbashi na asali don matsakaicin ikon watsawa na nano-TiO2 zuwa haskoki na ultraviolet tare da tsayin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban. Gwaje-gwaje kuma sun nuna cewa tsayin tsayin hasken ultraviolet, ƙarfin garkuwar nano-TiO 2 ya dogara da ƙarfin watsawa; Gajeren tsayin igiyar igiyar ruwa, ƙarin garkuwar sa ya dogara da iyawar sa.
2.3
Kyakkyawan tarwatsawa da bayyana gaskiya
Girman ɓangarorin asali na nano-TiO2 yana ƙasa da 100 nm, ƙasa da tsayin hasken da ake iya gani. A ka'ida, nano-TiO2 na iya watsa hasken da ake iya gani lokacin da ya tarwatse gaba daya, don haka a bayyane yake. Saboda gaskiyar nano-TiO2, ba zai rufe fata ba lokacin da aka saka shi cikin kayan kwalliyar hasken rana. Sabili da haka, zai iya nuna kyawun fata na halitta.Transparency yana daya daga cikin mahimman bayanai na nano-TiO2 a cikin kayan shafawa na rana. A gaskiya ma, Nano-TiO 2 yana da gaskiya amma ba gaba daya ba a cikin kayan shafawa na rana, saboda nano-TiO2 yana da ƙananan barbashi, babban yanki na musamman da kuma makamashi mai tsayi sosai, kuma yana da sauƙi don samar da aggregates, don haka yana rinjayar rarrabawa da kuma nuna gaskiya na samfurori.
2.4
Kyakkyawan juriya yanayi
Nano-TiO 2 don kayan kwalliyar hasken rana yana buƙatar juriya na yanayi (musamman juriya mai haske). Domin Nano-TiO2 yana da ƙananan barbashi da babban aiki, zai haifar da nau'i-nau'i nau'i-nau'i na lantarki bayan shayar da haskoki na ultraviolet, kuma wasu nau'i-nau'i na electron-rami za su yi ƙaura zuwa saman, wanda zai haifar da oxygen oxygen da hydroxyl radicals a cikin ruwa da aka yi a saman nano-TiO2, wanda yana da karfi mai karfi da kayan yaji na iya haifar da kayan yaji. Don haka, ɗaya ko fiye da keɓaɓɓen yadudduka na zahiri, kamar silica, alumina da zirconia, dole ne a lulluɓe a saman nano-TiO2 don hana ayyukan sa na photochemical.
3. Nau'o'i da ci gaba na nano-TiO2
3.1
Nano-TiO2 foda
Ana sayar da samfuran nano-TiO2 a cikin nau'in foda mai ƙarfi, wanda za'a iya raba zuwa foda hydrophilic da foda lipophilic bisa ga kaddarorin nano-TiO2. Ana amfani da foda na hydrophilic a cikin kayan kwalliyar ruwa, yayin da ake amfani da foda na lipophilic a cikin kayan kwalliyar mai. Hydrophilic powders ana samun su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar magani na inorganic.Mafi yawan waɗannan foda na nano-TiO2 na ƙasashen waje sun sha magani na musamman bisa ga filayen aikace-aikacen su.
3.2
Launin fata nano TiO2
Saboda barbashi nano-TiO2 suna da kyau kuma suna da sauƙin watsa hasken shuɗi tare da ɗan gajeren zango a cikin haske mai iya gani, idan aka haɗa su cikin kayan kwalliyar hasken rana, fata za ta nuna sautin shuɗi kuma ba ta da lafiya. Domin dacewa da launin fata, ana ƙara jajayen pigments kamar baƙin ƙarfe oxide a cikin tsarin kwaskwarima a farkon mataki. Duk da haka, saboda bambanci a cikin yawa da wettability tsakanin nano-TiO2 _2 da baƙin ƙarfe oxide, iyo launuka sau da yawa faruwa.
4. Matsayin samar da nano-TiO2 a kasar Sin
Karamin bincike kan Nano-TiO2 _2 a kasar Sin yana aiki sosai, kuma matakin binciken ka'idar ya kai matakin ci gaba a duniya, amma binciken bincike da injiniyanci da aka yi amfani da shi yana da koma baya, kuma sakamakon bincike da yawa ba za a iya canza shi zuwa kayayyakin masana'antu ba. An fara samar da masana'antu na Nano-TiO2 a kasar Sin a shekarar 1997, fiye da shekaru 10 bayan Japan.
Akwai dalilai guda biyu waɗanda ke iyakance inganci da gasa na kasuwa na samfuran nano-TiO2 a China:
① Binciken fasaha da aka yi amfani da shi yana baya
Binciken fasaha na aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar warware matsalolin ƙara tsari da kimanta tasiri na nano-TiO2 a cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Binciken aikace-aikacen nano-TiO2 a fagage da yawa ba a sami cikakken ci gaba ba, kuma har yanzu ana buƙatar zurfafa bincike a wasu fannoni, irin su kayan shafawa na hasken rana.Sakamakon ƙarancin binciken fasahar da ake amfani da shi, samfuran nano-TiO2 _ 2 na kasar Sin ba za su iya samar da samfuran serial don biyan buƙatun musamman na fannoni daban-daban ba.
② Fasahar jiyya ta saman nano-TiO2 yana buƙatar ƙarin nazari
Maganin saman ya haɗa da jiyya na inorganic surface da kuma kwayoyin halitta magani. Fasahar jiyya ta sama ta ƙunshi dabarar wakili na jiyya, fasahar jiyya da kayan aikin jiyya.
5. Bayanin ƙarshe
A gaskiya, ultraviolet garkuwa yi, dispersibility da haske juriya na Nano-TiO2 a sunscreen kayan shafawa ne da muhimmanci fasaha fihirisa yin hukunci da ingancin, da kuma kira tsari da surface jiyya Hanyar nano-TiO2 ne mabuɗin don sanin wadannan fasaha fihirisa.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-04-2022