1, Gabatarwa na yau da kullun
Sunan Sinawa:Zaman jama'a, Sunan Turanci:Zaman jama'a, alamar kashiBa, Lambar Atomic 56 A cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci, kungiyar IIa ce alkaline ƙasa a cikin kashi 3.51 g / 134 ° C (1000 k / c (141 ° F), da kuma tafasasshen c (2143 ° C (2143 k / K, 3388 ° F). Barium shine alkalin karfe tare da farin farin luster, tare da launin wuta mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya, mai taushi, da kuma durtile.Zaman jama'aYana da kayan aikin sinadarai masu aiki kuma suna iya amsawa tare da mafi yawan ƙarfe.Zaman jama'abai taba samun abu ɗaya a cikin yanayi ba.Zaman jama'asalts masu guba ne facezaman jama'asulfate. Bugu da kari,Aikin BaiumYana da sassauci mai ƙarfi kuma zai iya rage yawan ƙarfe, helides, kuma sulfed don samun karafa mai dacewa. Abun ciki nazaman jama'aA cikin ɓawon burodi shine 0.05%, kuma ma'adanai mafi gama gari a cikin yanayin mashahuri (zaman jama'asulfate) da witerite (zaman jama'aCarbonate). Ana amfani da barium sosai a cikin filaye kamar su lantarki, yeramication, magani, da man fetur.
2, ganoZaman jama'ada kuma ci gaba na ci gaba na kasar SinZaman jama'aTattalin arziki
1. Takaitaccen tarihin na ganozaman jama'a
Alkaline duniya na ƙarfe masu ƙarfe na tayin nuna phosphorescence, ma'ana sun ci gaba da fitar da haske a cikin duhu na wani lokaci bayan da aka fallasa ga haske. Daidai ne saboda wannan halayyar hakanzaman jama'amahadi sun fara karba.
A cikin 1602, V. Casorolus, Takaddar Aremaker, Italiya, ta gano cewa bargo dauke dazaman jama'asulbate emit mai haske a cikin duhu bayan ya roƙe shi da abubuwa masu hade. Wannan sabon abu ya ji daɗin sha'awar masana kimuffancin Turai. A cikin 1774, CWW Chemist Chistist CWlele ya gano wani abu a cikin mashaya, amma ya kasa rabuwa da shi, kawai oxide na wancan kashi. A shekara 1776, Johan Gottlieb Gahn ya ware wannan iskarwie a cikin irin nazarin. An fara magana da Baryot da farko, Barcelon Guyton De Merveau, kuma daga baya aka sake sunan Barryta (mai ƙarfi) ta hanyar anttoine lavoisier. A cikin 1808, Humphry Humphry Humphry Warrphry Davy Amfani da Mercury kamar yadda Katalide, Platinum kamar yadda otite, da wulaken barite (Baso4) don samarwazaman jama'aamalgam. Bayan distillation don cire Mercury, wani ƙarfe tare da ƙarancin tsarkakakku ya samu kuma mai sunabarium.
Aikace-aikace masana'antu ma suna da tarihin sama da shekara ɗari
Kamar yadda tsakiyar tsakiyar 19, mutane suka fara amfani da mashaya (ma'adinai mai mahimmanci don samar dazaman jama'adazaman jama'amahadi) azaman filler don zane. Tun da wannan karni, barite ya zama babban kayan abinci na masana'antu daban-dabanzaman jama'adauke da samfuran sunadarai. Saboda babban rabo mai mahimmanci, tsayayyen kaddarorin sunadarai, da kuma shiga ciki a cikin ruwa da acid, an yi amfani da mashaya a matsayin laka mai nauyi don laka mai nauyi kamar yadda na 1920s.Zaman jama'aAna amfani da sulfate a cikin samar da fararen fata kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman filler da colorant don roba.
2. Yanayin Chinazaman jama'atattalin arziki
Na kowazaman jama'asalts sun hada dazaman jama'asulfate,zaman jama'aNitrate, barium chloride,zaman jama'acarbonate,zaman jama'acyanide, da sauransu.Zaman jama'aAna amfani da samfuran gishiri musamman a masana'antar lantarki azaman ƙari ga shubes mai launi da kayan magnetic.
A halin yanzu, China ta zama mafi yawan masu samar da mafi girma a duniyazaman jama'asalts. Karfin tsarin samarwa na duniya na shekarazaman jama'aCarbonate kusan tan 900000 ne, tare da fitarwa game da tan 700000, tare da tan 700000 na shekara-shekara, da lissafin sama da kashi 70% na duniyazaman jama'aCarbonate Samantarwa da fitarwa. Chinazaman jama'aAn fitar da samfuran Carbonate a cikin adadi mai yawa na dogon lokaci, kuma China ta zama mafi girman mai fitar da duniya a duniyazaman jama'aCarbonate.
Matsalolin fuskantar da ci gabanZaman jama'aMasana'antar Gishina a China
Kodayake China ita ce mafi girman mai gabatarwa duniya da kuma fitar dazaman jama'aCarbonate, ba mai ƙarfi bane na carbonate carbonate. Da fari dai, akwai 'yan manyan-sikelinzaman jama'aKamfanoni na samar da Carbonate a China, kuma akwai wasu fewan masana'antun da suka sami babban sikelin samarwa; Abu na biyu, Chinazaman jama'aKayayyakin Carbonate suna da tsari guda kuma basu da samfuran fasaha. Kodayake wasu masana'antu suna binciken da kuma tsarkakazaman jama'aCarbonate, Durinta ba shi da kyau. Don samfuran tsarkakakke, China kuma suna buƙatar shigo da kamfanoni irin su Jamus, Italiya, da Japan. Bugu da kari, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu ƙasashe sun zama sabbin masu samarwa nazaman jama'aCarbonate, kamar Rasha, Brazil, Koriya ta Kudu, da Mexico, suna haifar da abin da ke ƙasa a cikin ƙasazaman jama'aKasuwancin Carbonate, wanda ya sami babban tasiri ga kasar Sinzaman jama'aMasana Carbonate. Masu kera suna shirye su rage farashin don tsira. A lokaci guda, hanyoyin kamfanonin na kasar Sin kuma suna fuskantar binciken magunguna daga waje. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da bukatun kare muhalli, wasuzaman jama'aKasuwancin samar da gishiri a China na fuskantar matsalolin kare muhalli. Don inganta ci gaban kasar Sinzaman jama'aLabarin gishiri,zaman jama'aKamfanin samar da gishiri a cikin kasar Sin ya kamata ya dauki kariya ta muhalli da aminci a matsayin tushe, ci gaba da bincike na cigaba, da bunkasa sabbin kayayyakin da suka hadu da bukatun zamani.
Arewar da Fitar da Bayanin Barite a China
Dangane da binciken binciken halittar kasa na Amurka, samar da mashaya a cikin kasar Sin ya kusan tan miliyan 42. A watan Janairu zuwa Disamba 2014, Kidimar da aka fitar da Kilogress 92577zaman jama'asulle, karuwa 0.18% idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin da ya gabata. Darajar Fitar da fitarwa ta kasance 654965989 dala na Amurka, karuwar 20.99% idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin a bara. Farashin mai fitarwa ya kasance dala miliyan 0.71 a cikin kilogram, karuwa na dala 0.12 a kilo kilogram a kowace kilogram. Daga cikinsu, a watan Disamba 2014, China ta fitar da kilo 876868 nazaman jama'asulle, karuwa da 8.19% idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin da ya gabata. Adadin fitarwa ya kasance 8385141 dala 5.1% idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin da ya gabata.
Dangane da bayanan kwastam na kasar Sin, a watan Yuni na 2015, China sun fitar da tan 170000 nazaman jama'asulbate, wani ragewa 1.7% idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin da ya gabata; A farkon rabin shekara, karar mai fitar da ruwa shine tan miliyan 1.12 miliyan, a cikin kashi 6.8% idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin a bara; Adadin fitarwa ya rage da 5.4% zuwa 9% idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin da ya gabata.
3, rarraba da samar da kayayyaki (barite) albarkatu
1. Rarraba albarkatun sha'ir
Abun ciki nazaman jama'aA cikin ɓawon burodi shine 0.05%, saika daraja 14th. Babban ma'adanai a cikin yanayi sune mashaya (zaman jama'asulfate baso4) da witerite (zaman jama'aCarbonate baco3). Daga cikin su, mashaya shine mafi yawan ma'adinai na barum, wanda ya ƙunshizaman jama'asulfate kuma yana faruwa a cikin m-zafin jiki hydrothothermal veins, kamar coins din Quartz barite veins, da sauransu toxicite wani babban nezaman jama'adauke da ma'adinai a cikin yanayi, ban da mashaya, kuma babban bangarenta shinezaman jama'aCarbonate.
Dangane da bayanan da aka yi daga binciken halittar kasa a shekarar 2015, damar barcelona ta duniya shine kimanin tan biliyan 2, wanda aka tabbatar da tan ton miliyan 740. Resersarfin barayin duniya na duniya ne miliyan 350. Kasar Sin ita ce kasar da ke da yawan albarkatun mashaya. Sauran ƙasashe tare da albarkatun mashaya sun haɗa da Kazakhstan, Türkiye, Indiya, Thailand, Amurka da Mexico. Famous sources of barite in the world include Westman Land in the UK, Felsbonne in Romania, Saxony in Germany, Tianzhu in Guizhou, Heifenggou in Gansu, Gongxi in Hunan, Liulin in Hubei, Xiangzhou in Guangxi, and Shuiping in Shaanxi.
A cewar bayanan da aka yi daga binciken halittar kasa a cikin 2015, samar da tan miliyan 9.23 a 2014. A shekara ta 2014, a 2014, China ne na kusan 44.3% na samarwa na jimlar duniya. Indiya, Maroko, da Amurka daraja biyu, na uku, da na hudu bi da, na uku, da tan miliyan 1.6 miliyan, da kuma tara miliyan 1, da kuma tara miliyan 12, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da tan miliyan 1.6, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da tan miliyan 1.2, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da kuma tan miliyan 1.2, da tan miliyan 1.6, da kuma tan miliyan 1.6, da kuma tan miliyan 1.200
2. RarrabaZaman jama'aAlbarkatun kasar Sin
China tana da wadatar a cikizaman jama'aOre albarkatun, tare da annabta jeri na tan biliyan 1. Haka kuma, daram na barum ere yana da girma in mundan sosai, da kuma ajiyar jikin sa a halin yanzu suna da farko a duniya. Mafi yawan gama garizaman jama'adauke da ma'adinai a cikin yanayi shine mashaya. Rarkan ajiya na duniya na mashaya ne miliyan 350, yayin da aka ajiye na mashaya a cikin Sin, lissafin kusan ajiyar mutane da farko a duniya.
Dangane da bayanan a "Binciken babban yanki na ma'adinai da kuma damar samar da kayayyaki na barite na kasar Sin" (yankuna) a cikin larduna 24 (yankuna) a duniya, tare da rarraba da kuma ajiyar wuri da samarwa da farko a duniya. Akwai yankuna na mintina 195 da suka tabbatar da adana a kasar Sin, tare da duka tabbataccen albarkatun kasa na tan miliyan 390 na ore. Daga lardin (lardin) na mashaya, lardin Guizhou yana da ma'adinai mafi ƙarancin sha'ir, na kashi 34% na jimlar kasar; Hearan, Guangxi, GyanXI, Shanxi da sauran larduna (yankuna) suna ɗaukar wuri na biyu. The sama biyar lardunan Asusun na 80% na ajiyar ƙasa. Nau'in ajiya ya kasance mafi kyau sosai, lissafin kashi 60% na jimlar. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma Layer sarrafawa (Edetogenetic), hydrenticy, hydrothermal, kuma ya walo (ragowar gangara). Lokacin ma'adinai shine yafi a cikin zamanin Paleozodic, kuma an samar da adibar ma'auni a lokacin lokutan da ke cikin kerezoic.
Halittar ma'adinai masu ma'adinai a China
Daga yanayi mai yawa, ma'adanai ma'adinai a kasar Sin ana rarraba su a tsakiyar yankin; A cikin sharuddan sa, kusan dukkanin ma'adanai masu arziki sun fi dacewa a Guizhou da Guangxi; Daga hangen Deaukaka Ore Scale, adibas na Baki na China galibi manyan ne da matsakaici. Sai kawai wuraren ma'adinai biyu na Guizhou Tianzhu dahe Bian da Hukumar Xinhuang Gongxi na sama da rabin rago a wadannan fannoni. Often, a single barite type is the main ore type, and the mineral composition and chemical composition ratio are relatively simple and pure, such as the Hunan Xinhuang Gongxi barite mine. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma manyan ma'adanai na co da hade da ma'adin ma'adinai waɗanda za a iya amfani dasu.
4, samar da tsarin yanka
1. Shiri nazaman jama'a
Samun kayan ƙarfe a cikin masana'antu ya hada da matakai biyu: samar da ɓarnar buriide da kuma samar da kayan metallic ta hanyar rage ƙarfe na karfe (ragean ƙasa).
(1) shiri nazaman jama'ahanci fari
Babban mashaya mai kyau Ore na farko yana buƙatar zaɓizaman jama'asulfate. Mix ma'adinan foda tare da girman barbashi kasa da guda 20 da man fetur coke foda a cikin nauyi rabo daga 1100 ℃ a cikin tanderar fatalwar.Zaman jama'aAn rage sulfate zuwa sulfide na barum (wanda aka fi sani da "Black Ash"), wanda aka bari tare da ruwan zafi don samun maganin sulfide barum. Domin sauya a cikin carbonate carbonate carbonate carbonate carbonate, yana da mahimmanci don ƙara carbonate carbonate ko gabatar da carbon dioxide a cikin mafita sulfious bayani. Mix da carbon carbon da kuma foda foda da calcine a sama da 800 ℃ don samun ɓarnar da keɓaɓɓu. Ya kamata a lura cewa bariide oxide oxidizzes 500-700 ℃, da kuma barium peroxide zai iya lalata su samarzaman jama'aoxide a 700-800 ℃. Sabili da haka, don guje wa samar da barum peroxide, samfuran da aka yi amfani da su ana buƙatar sanyaya ko kuma sun daina kare gas.
(2) samar daƙarfe ba'aumta hanyar ragewar ragewar ƙasa
Akwai halayen guda biyu don rage aluminum nazaman jama'aoxide saboda sinadarai daban-daban:
6huo → 2bao • Al2o3 + 3ba ↑
Ko: 4Bao + 2al → Bao • Al2o3 + 3ba ↑
A yanayin zafi daga 1000 zuwa 1200 ℃, waɗannan halayen guda biyu suna haifar da kaɗanzaman jama'a, don haka ya zama dole don amfani da famfo na wuri don ci gaba da canja wurizaman jama'aVapor daga yankin amsawa zuwa yankin sandar ciki don ci gaba don ci gaba ci gaba zuwa dama. Saƙon bayan amsawar mai guba ne kuma ana iya zubar da shi bayan magani.
2. Shiri na yau da kullun
(1) Hanyar shirizaman jama'acarbonate
Hanyar Carbonization
Hanyar Carbonization ta ƙunshi haɗawa da mashaya da kuma a cikin wani rabo da kuma tafasa da kuma rage su a 1100-1200 ℃ don samun ƙwaƙwalwar sulffide. Carbon dioxide an gabatar da shi cikinzaman jama'aMagani na sulfika don carbonization, da aka samuzaman jama'aCarbonate slurry an hura shi ne ga wanke wanke da kuma tentom. Bayan haka, yana bushe da crushed da karfe 300 ℃ don samun samfurin carbonate na gama gari. Yawancin masana'antun masana'antu suna da yawan su saboda tsari mai sauki da ƙarancin farashi.
Hanyar bazuwar hanya
Samfurin karshe nazaman jama'aCarbonate za a iya samu ta hanyar ba da izini na biyu tsakanin sulble sulfide da ammonium carbonate da carbonate da carbonate. A sakamakon samfurin ya wanke, tace, bushe, da sauransu.
③ mai guba mai nauyi mai nauyi
Ana mayar da foda mai guba mai guba mai guba tare da gishirin ammonium don samar da narkewazaman jama'agishiri, da carbonate ammonium ana sake amfani da shi don amfani. Solumlezaman jama'aAn ƙara gishiri a cikin carbonate ammonium don tafa shi mai gyara auri carbonate, wanda aka tace kuma ya bushe don samar da samfurin da aka gama. Bugu da kari, ana iya sake amfani da giya uwar giya da kuma sake amfani dashi.
(2) Hanyar shirizaman jama'atitanate
Ita hanya mai mahimmanci
Zaman jama'aTitanate na iya shirya ta hanyar CLAINGzaman jama'aCarbonate da Titanium Dioxide, wanda za'a iya joshi tare da kowane kayan.
Hanyar Copecip
Narkezaman jama'achloride da titanium tetrachlanede a cikin cakuda daidai abubuwa daidai, zafi zuwa 70 ° C, sannan sai a jefa oxalic acid don samun isasshenzaman jama'aTitanate [Batoo (C2O4) 2-4h2o]. A wanke, bushe, sannan kuma pyrolysis don samun wuraren ajiye kayayyaki.
(3) Shirin shiri nazaman jama'achloride
Tsarin samarwa nazaman jama'aChloride yafi ya hada da hanyar acid hydrochloric,zaman jama'aHanyar Carbonate, hanyar Clium chloride, da magnesium chloride bisa ga hanyoyi daban-daban ko kayan raw.
Hydrochloric A} acid.
②Zaman jama'ahanyar carbonate. An yi shi daga dutse mai ƙanshi (carbonate) azaman albarkatun ƙasa.
③ Hanyar Chlorium chlorium. Rage cakuda cakuda mashaya da alli chloride tare da carbon.
Bugu da kari, akwai hanyar magnesium chloriide. Wanda aka shirya ta hanyar kulawazaman jama'asulfide tare da magnesium chloride.
Lokaci: Nuwamba-01-2023