Scandi, tare da daidaiton alamar sc da atomic Yawan 21, yana da sauƙin narkewa cikin ruwa, na iya yin hulɗa da ruwan zafi, kuma a sauƙaƙa duhu a cikin iska. Babban Varence shine + 3. An gauraya da gadolinium tare da gallolinium, Erbium, da sauran abubuwa, tare da ƙarancin yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma abun ciki na kusan 0.0005% a cikin ɓawon burodi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da Scandium don yin gilashin gilashi na musamman da kuma nauyin zafi-zafin jiki.
A halin yanzu, ingantaccen Reserves of Scandium a cikin Duniya tan miliyan ne kawai, 90 ~ 95% na erres, phosphoren da kuma m baƙin ƙarfe tudway, MADJGASAR, Norway da wasu ƙasashe. Kasar Sin tana da arziki sosai a cikin albarkatun Sconium, tare da manyan ma'adinai suna da alaƙa da Scandium. Dangane da ƙididdigar da ba a cika ba, ajiyar Scandium a China kusan tan 40ar tuno da kuma adangun kasa na farko a cikin Sichuan.
Saboda ƙarancin Scandium, farashin Scandium ma yana da girma sosai, kuma a jikinta, farashin fata da aka ba da sau 10 farashin zinare. Kodayake farashin Scandium ya faɗi, har yanzu sau hudu ne farashin zinare!
Gano Tarihi
A cikin 1869, Mendeleev ya lura da rata a taro na atomic tsakanin alli (40) da titanium (48), kuma an yi hasashen cewa akwai wani ɓangare na tsaka-tsakin atomic a nan. Ya yi hasashen cewa shi ne x ₂ o Å. An gano Scandium a cikin 1879 ta Lars Frederik Nilson na Uppson Jami'ar a Sweden. Ya fitar da shi daga Black Red Mine na, hadaddun ore wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ƙarfe 8 na ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Ya fitarErbium (iii) oxidedaga baƙar fata mai wuya na zinare, kuma an samuYesterbulum (III) OxideDaga cikin wannan abrode, kuma akwai wasu oxhide mai haske mai sauƙi, wanda bakandana ya nuna cewa ba karfe ba ne da ba a san shi ba. Wannan ita ce ƙuruciyar Mendeev wanda Mendeleev ne, wanda oxide yakeSc₂o₃. Scanium karfe da aka fitar dagaScandium chlorideta hanyar amfani da lantarki a cikin 1937.
Mendelev
Kanfigron Kanfigareshan
Kanfigration Kanfigareshan: 1s2 2s2 2s2 3s2 3S 4D1
Scandium wani ƙarfe ne mai taushi, azurfa na azurfa tare da ma'anar narkewar 1541 ℃ da tafasa misali na 2831 ℃.
Don wani lokaci mai yawa bayan gano shi, ba a nuna amfani da Scandium ba saboda wahalarsa a samarwa. Tare da ƙara haɓaka haɓaka na rashin rabo daga ƙasa rabuwa, yanzu akwai tsari mai girma da ke gudana don tsarkakewa na abubuwan ban sha'awa. Saboda Scandium ba shi da alkaline da yttrium da Lantroxide Ma'adin da ke da wuya a raba su da ammoniya bayan an canja shi zuwa cikin bayani. Sauran hanyar shine raba scandium nitrate da bazuwar bazarar nitrate. Saboda Scandium nitrate shine mafi sauki don bazu, ana iya rarrabe Scardium. Bugu da kari, cikakken dawo da Scanidium daga Uranium, therium, Taristen, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tingeten, Tin da sauran adon ma'adinai shima mahimman ma'adanai ne mai mahimmanci ga Scandium.
Bayan samun tsarkakakken katako mai tsabta, an canza shi cikin SCCL Å da coolted tare da KCl da Licl. Ana amfani da zinc ana amfani da shi azaman Katolika don wutan lantarki, yana haifar da sikelium don comphope a kan wayoyin zinc. Bayan haka, zinc ya mashin ya samo sikeli na ƙarfe. Wannan farin ƙarfe na azurfa na azurfa ne tare da kayan aikin sinadarai masu aiki, wanda zai iya amsawa da ruwan zafi don haifar da iskar gas. Don haka raunin ƙarfe da kuka gani a cikin akwati an rufe shi a cikin kwalba da kuma kiyaye tare da Argon, in ba haka ba Scanium zai samar da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin toka mai launin toka, rasa launin ƙarfe mai launin toka.
Aikace-aikace
Masana'antar haske
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na Scandium sun mayar da hankali a cikin kyawawan hanyoyi masu haske, kuma ba ƙari ba ne a kira ɗan haske. Ana kiran makamin sihiri na farko na Scandium lamunin sodium sodium lekp, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kawo haske ga dubban gidaje. Wannan hasken wutar lantarki ne na lantarki: kwan fitila yana cika da sodium iodide da sikelium hawa, da sikelium da sodium foil an ƙara a lokaci guda. A lokacin high-voltage sakin, ions Scandium ions da sodium emsium oons bidicy esmence haske daga halayensu watsi da rauninsu. Layin m sodium sune 589.6.6 nm, hasken hasken launin rawaya, yayin da wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na Scandium suke 424.7.7 ~ 424.7 ~ 424.7 ~ 424.7 ~ 424.7 ~ 424.7.7 Domin sun dace da juna, launi mai haske na gaba daya da aka samar shine fari haske. Daidai ne saboda fitilun sodium sodium skidium suna da halaye na masu haske mai haske, murada mai kyau, da hasken wuta mai ƙarfi, kuma ana kiranta su da tushe na uku tsara. A China, irin wannan fitila ana iya inganta a hankali a matsayin sabon fasaha, yayin da a wasu ƙasashe masu tasowa, an yi amfani da irin wannan fitilar sosai a farkon shekarun 1980s.
Makamin sihiri na biyu na Scandium shine sel Photovoltanic sel, wanda zai iya tattara haske ya warwatsa a ƙasa kuma ya juya ya zama wutar lantarki don fitar da jama'a. Scanidium shine mafi kyawun shingen ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe insultor sel slicon hasken rana da sel na hasken rana.
An kira makamin sihiri na uku. Yawancin lokaci muna fitar da 45sc daga ma'adanai, wanda shine kawai isasotopes na halitta na Scandium. Kowane 45sc nucleus ya ƙunshi protons 21 da neutrons 24. 46SC, ana iya amfani da shi na wucin gadi, azaman hanyoyin γ radiation ko kuma ana iya amfani da atoms na ciwace-ciwacen tarihi. Hakanan akwai aikace-aikace kamar kifayen yttrium gallium carnet Laser,Scandium FlorideGilashin infralaly fiber fiber, da sikelium mai cike da katako mai gudana a kan talabijin. Da alama an haifi Scandium da haske.
Alloy masana'antu
Scanidum a cikin ukun an yi amfani da shi sosai don doping aluminium. Muddin 'yan dubban na Scandium an ƙara a cikin aluminium, wanda zai buga wani sabon lokaci na aluminium kuma a samar da wani tsari da kaddarorin suttura canji sosai. Dingara 0.2% ~ 0.4% sc (wanda yake da gaske kama da yawan gishiri da soyayyen kayan lambu a gida, kuma inganta karfin karawa da ci gaba, da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin, da kuma juriya na lalacewa, da kuma juriya na lalata Hakanan zai iya guje wa tsarin aikin phitenon wanda yake da sauƙi ya faru lokacin aiki na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi. Babban ƙarfi da babban ƙarfin aluminum ado, sabon-karfi-ƙarfi m aluminum, da kuma zirga-zirgar haɓaka, jirgi mai kyau, motocin nukiliya, motocin nukiliya da jiragen ruwa masu tsayi.
Scanidium ma mai kyau mai mahimmanci ne ga baƙin ƙarfe, kuma karamin adadin Scandium na iya inganta ƙarfi da ƙarfi na baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe. Bugu da kari, za'a iya amfani da Scandium azaman wani ƙari don high-zazzabi tungseten da allolin Chromium. Tabbas, ban da yin tufafin aure ga wasu, Scandium yana da babban matsayi na narke da kuma yawansu yana da kama da alumures na meling da Scandium Magnetium Alloy. Koyaya, saboda babban farashinsa, an yi amfani da shi gaba daya kawai a masana'antun masana'antu masu zuwa kamar rufewa da roka.
Tsarin yumbu
Scanidum, abu guda, ana amfani dashi gaba ɗaya a cikin Alloys, da kuma alade ɗaya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan yumama a irin wannan hanyar. Za'a iya amfani da kayan yumbu na tetragonal, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kayan elecros don sel mai laushi, inda ake ƙaruwa da wannan bazarar oxygen a cikin yanayin. Koyaya, tsarin kristal na wannan kayan yumɓu da kanta ba zai iya zama daidai kuma ba shi da darajar masana'antu; Wajibi ne a rage wasu abubuwa waɗanda zasu iya gyara wannan tsarin don kula da kaddarorinta na asali. Dingara 6 ~ 10% Scandium oxide kamar kankare tsari ne, don haka Zirconia za a iya tsaida shi akan lattice.
Hakanan akwai kayan kwalliyar hanyar injiniya kamar manyan-ƙarfi da ƙarfin zazzabi mai tsayayya da silicon nittide kamar masu tsayayye ne kuma masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.
A matsayin mai dadifi,Scandium OxideZa a iya samar da maimaitawa sc2si2o7 a gefen kyawawan barbashi, saboda haka rage girman zafin jiki na berormicer. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran oxides, zai iya inganta ingantattun kayan aikin zazzabi na silicon nittride.
Sunadarai na catalytic
A cikin injiniyan sunadarai, ana amfani da Scanedium azaman mai kara kuzari, yayin da SC2O3 za a iya amfani da shi don bushewa da kuma isopipannol, da kuma samar da acid acid, da samar da ethylene daga CO da H2. Pt Al Catalyst dauke da SC2O3 shima muhimmin mai kara kuzari ga tsarkakakken hydrogenation na mai da ingantaccen masana'antar mai. A cikin abubuwan fashewa kamar cumene, aikin SC-Y Zeolite mai kara kuzari shine 1000 fiye da na aluminum silinas mai kara kuzari; Idan aka kwatanta da wasu castsalts na gargajiya, ci gaba na ci gaba na masu gabatar da masu kunnawa zai zama mai haske sosai.
Masana'antar makamashi na nukiliya
Dingara karamin adadin SC2O3 zuwa UO2 a cikin babban mai amfani da makaman nukiliya, haɓaka girma, da kuma fashewar ƙara, da kuma fashewar ƙara da UO2 zuwa ga juyawa U3O8 zuwa ga juyawa U3O8 ga juyawa U3O8 zuwa ga juyawa U3O8 zuwa ga juyawa U3O8 zuwa ga juyawa U3O8 zuwa ga juyawa U3O8 zuwa ga juyawa U3O8 zuwa ga U3O8 ta juyawa.
Cellar mai
Hakanan, ƙara 2.5% zuwa 25% Scanium ga batir na nickel alkali na nickali zai haɓaka rayuwar su sabis.
Ingilishi
A cikin harkokin noma, tsaba kamar masara, gwoza, fis, pea, ana iya bi da pea tare da scandium / tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya), kuma ainihin tsire-tsire zasu sami bambanci), kuma ainihin tsire-tsire zasu sami nasara), kuma ainihin tsirrai na inganta germination an samu. Bayan sa'o'i 8, bushe nauyi na tushen da buds sun karu da kashi 37% da 78% idan aka kwatanta da 37% kuma idan aka kwatanta da seedlings, amma har yanzu ana yin nazarin.
Daga hankalin Nielsen zuwa bashin Atomic Mass bayanai zuwa yau, Scandium ya shiga hangen nesa na mutane don kawai shekara ɗari ko ashirin, amma ya kusan zauna a kan benci na shekara ɗari. Ba har sai ci gaban kimiyyar halitta a ƙarshen karni na karshe wanda ya kawo masa muhimmanci. Today, rare earth elements, including scandium, have become hot stars in materials science, playing ever-changing roles in thousands of systems, bringing more convenience to our lives every day, and creating economic value that is even more difficult to measure.
Lokaci: Jun-29-2023