TerbiumKasancewar nau'in ƙasashe masu yawa, da mai yawa a cikin ɓawon burodi na duniya a kawai 1.1 ppm.Oxide TerbifideAsusun ƙasa da 0.01% na jimlar duniya. Ko da a cikin manyan yttrium ion na nau'in ƙasa mai nauyi mai nauyi tare da mafi girman abun ciki na Terbium, kawai abun ciki kawai don 1.1-1.2% na jimlarRasa Duniya, yana nuna cewa shi ne na "daraja" naRasa Duniyaabubuwa. Sama da shekaru 100 tun lokacin da na gano Terbium a cikin 1843, karancin sa da darajarta sun hana aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da shi na dogon lokaci. Yana cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata cewaterbiumya nuna baiwa ta musamman.
Gano Tarihi
Yaren mutanen Sweden Chem Irist Carl Mosander ya gano Terbium a 1843. Ya gano impurities a cikiyttrium oxidedaY2o3. Yttriumana mai suna bayan ƙauyen Idon a Sweden. Kafin fitowar fasahar musayar ta Ion, ba a ware ta Terbium a cikin tsarkakakken tsari ba.
Mosander ya rarrabuyttrium oxideA cikin sassa uku, duk suna bayan ores:yttrium oxide, erbium oxide, daOxide Terbifide. Oxide Terbifideya asali ya ƙunshi wani ɓangaren ruwan hoda, saboda kashi yanzu an san shi daerbium. Erbium oxide(Tare da abin da muke kira Terbium) asalin wani bangare ne mai launi a cikin bayani. Anyi la'akari da Oxide na ciki na wannan kashi na ainihi ana ɗaukar launin ruwan kasa.
Daga baya ma'aikata sun gano kananan launuka marasa launi "erbium oxide", Amma ba za a iya watsi da sashin launin ruwan hoda ba. Muhawara game da kasancewarerbium oxideya akai-akai ya fito. A cikin hargitsi, asalin sunan ya koma da musayar sun makale, saboda haka ruwan hoda na ruwan hoda ya ambaci erbium (a cikin maganin, yana da ruwan hoda). Yanzu an yi imani cewa ma'aikata waɗanda suke amfani da diski na sodium ko potassium sulfate don cire Cerium Dioxide dagayttrium oxideba da gangan baterbiumcikin cerium dauke da precipites. A halin yanzu da aka sani da 'terbium', kusan 1% na asaliyttrium oxideyana nan, amma wannan ya isa ya watsa launi mai haske mai haske zuwayttrium oxide. Saboda haka,terbiumshine sashin sakandare da farko da farko ya ƙunshi shi, kuma maƙwabta nan take,gadoliniumdadyspsprosum.
Bayan haka, duk lokacin da sauranRasa DuniyaAbubuwan da aka rabu da wannan cakuda, ba tare da riƙe adadin oxide ba har a ƙarshe, oxide mai launin fata naterbiumaka samu a cikin tsarkakakken tsari. Masu bincike a cikin karni na 19 bai yi amfani da fasaha mai haske ko kore ba, III), yana sauƙaƙa ga terbium da za a san su cikin mawuyuka ko mafita.
Kanfigron Kanfigareshan
Lalkout lantarki:
1s2 2s2 2s2 2s2 3s2 3s2 3d10 4p6 4s2 4D10 2s2 4F9
Tsarin lantarki naterbiumshine [xe] 6s24f9. A yadda aka saba, za'a iya cire waya guda uku kawai kafin cajin nukiliya ya zama da yawa da za a ci gaba da ionzed. Koyaya, a batunterbium, SemiterbiumYana ba da damar ci gaba da ionization na lantarki na hudu a gaban oxidant mai ƙarfi kamar gas mai ƙarfi.
Ƙarfe
TerbiumShin fararen fata mai saurin saukar da ƙarfe a ƙasa mai nauyin ƙarfe tare da bututun ruwa, tauri, da taushi da za a iya yanka tare da wuka. Motsa maki 1360 ℃, tafkin tafasa 3123 ℃, desenity 8229 4kg / m3. Idan aka kwatanta shi da farkon ayyukan lanthaide, shi ne in mun gwada da kwanciyar hankali a cikin iska. Gida na tara na abubuwan Lanthanide, terbium, karfe ne mai laifi sosai wanda yake amfani da ruwa don samar da gas hydrogen gas.
A cikin yanayi,terbiumBai taɓa samun kuɗi ya zama mai kyauta ba, yanzu suna cikin adadi kaɗan a cikin yashi mai faɗi da silicon beryllium Yert.TerbiumCoexists tare da sauran karancin duniya Abubuwa a cikin yashi na Monazite, tare da gabaɗaya 0.03% abun ciki na ƙasa. Sauran hanyoyin sun hada da phosphate da rana mai wuya, zinare na duniya, duka biyun suna daurayar okokes wanda ke dauke da 1% na terbium.
Roƙo
Aikace-aikacenterbiumMafi yawa ya ƙunshi filayen fasaha, waɗanda suke da fasaha masu zurfi da kuma ilimi mai zurfi ayyuka, da kuma ayyukan da ke da mahimmancin tattalin arziƙi, tare da ayyukan ci gaba mai kyau.
Babban kayan aikace-aikacen sun hada da:
(1) Amfani da shi a cikin nau'in hadewar duniya. Misali, ana amfani dashi azaman mai takin ƙasa mai wuya da ciyarwar abinci don noma.
(2) Mai kunnawa ga foda na kore a cikin uku na fitlai masu santsi. Abubuwan da kayan zamani na zamani suna buƙatar amfani da launuka uku na asali, wato ja, kore, da shuɗi, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da launuka daban-daban. Daterbiumabu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin manyan masu kyalli mai haske sosai.
(3) Amfani dashi azaman kayan ajiya na Magneto. Amorphous M karfe mai amfani da karfe Alloy na bakin fina-finai an yi amfani dashi don samar da fina-finai na Magneto na sihiri.
(4) masana'antu magneto optical gilashin. Gilashin Gilashin Gilashin Juyinar da ke dauke da Terbium wani mahimmin abu ne na masana'antu masu jabu, Isolesors, da wurare a cikin fasahar laser.
(5) Ci gaban da ci gaban Terbium Dysprosusum na Ferbromagnousricats alloy (Terfenol) ya buɗe sabbin aikace-aikace don Terbium.
Don aikin gona da Noma
Rasa DuniyaterbiumZa a iya inganta ingancin amfanin gona da ƙara yawan Photethnesis a cikin wasu kewayon tattarawa. A hadaddun dabbobi suna da babban aikin halitta, da kuma hadaddun ternated naterbium, TB (Ala) 3benim (Clo4) 3-3h2o, suna da kwarai antibactory da kwayoyin cuta a kan Stapylocy, da kuma reiserichia chiprital. Nazarin waɗannan hadaddun waɗannan wuraren ba da sabon tsari na bincike na kwayoyi na kwayoyi na zamani.
Amfani a filin luminescence
Abubuwan da kayan zamani na zamani suna buƙatar amfani da launuka uku na asali, wato ja, kore, da shuɗi, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da launuka daban-daban. Kuma terbium wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin manyan masu kyalli kore masu haske. Idan haihuwar ƙasa mai launi mara launi TV jan fitila da ke motsa hoto tayttriumdakuɗin kuɗin shiga, to, aikace-aikacen da ci gaba da aka inganta na Terbium an inganta su da wuya a duniya launi mai launi mai launi mai haske mai haske na fitilu. A farkon shekarun 1980, Philips ya ƙirƙira kwallon duniya ta farko mai ƙarfin lantarki mai kyalli kuma cikin sauri ya inganta shi a duniya. Tb3 + ions na iya fitar da haske kore tare da girgiza na 545nm, kuma kusan dukkanin ƙasan ƙasa kore masu kyalli suna amfani da suterbium, a matsayin mai kunnawa.
Green kore mai haske da aka yi amfani da shi don launi TV na Katako Gashi, amma ana amfani da foda na zinc na launi, amma a cikin terbium +, da Libsel, da Laobr: tb3 +. Tare da cigaban manyan talabi'un talabijin na HDTV: HDTV), babban-wasan kwaikwayon Green Freorescent Powders don ana ci gaba da bunkasa. Misali, clroory kore mai walƙiya mai walƙiya ya haɓaka waje, wanda ya ƙunshi Y3 (Al, Ga) 5o12: wanda suna da kyakkyawan lmencescences mai kyau a high yawa.
X-Raylescent foda shine allon allial tungstate. A cikin 1970s da 1980s, masu kyakyawan ƙasa masu kyalli sun inganta, kamar suterbium, kunna Lanthanum sulfide, terbium kunna lanthanum bris oxide (don Green Screens kunna Ytrium sulfide oxide. Idan aka kwatanta da alli agstate foda, da rare clotorescent foda zai iya rage lokacin iska na X-ray, inganta ƙudurin ƙirar X-ray, kuma rage ɗaukacin wuraren ruwa. Hakanan ana amfani da terbium a matsayin mai kunna fulawa na mai kunnawa don sa ido na X-ray, inganta 50s zuwa jikin mutum (ta fiye da 50%).
TerbiumHakanan ana amfani dashi azaman mai kunnawa a cikin farin ya jefa phosphor da Blue Haske don sabon wutar lantarki. Ana iya amfani da shi don samar da aluminium na maganyayyaki magneto
Abubuwan da aka zaɓa daga yankin ƙasa sun haɗa da zinc sulfid kore mai kyalli tare daterbiumkamar yadda mai kunnawa. A karkashin m ultviolet m, hadaddun kwayar halitta na terbium na iya fitar da karfi mai kyakya mai sanyi kuma za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kayan kwalliyar ruwa na bakin ciki. Kodayake an sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin bincikenRasa DuniyaFina-gyare na Organic hadaddun fina-finai, har yanzu akwai wasu rata daga aiki, da bincike kan rare duniya fina-finan fina-finai da na'urori har yanzu suna zurfin.
Hakanan ana amfani da sifofin alfarma na terbium kamar yadda ake nema. Hulɗa tsakanin Ofloxackin Terbium (tb3) hadaddun da deoxyribonuyic acid (DNA) ana yin nazarin ta amfani da spectraacacacacin na Onloxacacin na Onloxacacin (TB3 +). Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa Orloxacin TB3 + Bincike na iya samar da tsagi da ke da kwayoyin halittar DNA, da kuma kwayar cutar deoxyribonic acid na iya inganta kyalli mai kyalli ta Ofloxacin TB3 + tsarin. Dangane da wannan canjin, ana iya ƙaddara deoxyribonic acid.
Ga kayan gyara magneto
Kayan aiki tare da tasirin wasa, wanda kuma aka sani da Magneto-kayan kayan optical, ana yin amfani da shi sosai a cikin LASER da sauran kayan aikin gani. Akwai nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu na Magneto: lu'ulu'u na sihiri na Magneto da Gilashin Tuban wuta da Gloto. Daga gare su, Magneto-lu'ulu'u ne na ƙarfe (kamar yanknan gallet da terbium gallennet da kuma kwanciyar hankali na mitar aiki da kwanciyar hankali da wahala don samarwa. Bugu da kari, yawancin lu'ulu'u-fitattun lu'ulu'u tare da kusurwoyi na yau da kullun suna da kusancin almara suna da yawan ɗaukar hoto a cikin taƙaitaccen raye-shaye, wanda ke iyakance amfaninsu. Gilashin tsinkaye na Magneto na Magneto yana da fa'idar sakamako mai ma'ana kuma yana da sauƙin yin cikin manyan tubalan ko zaruruwa. A halin yanzu, tabarau na Magneto-Optical tare da tasirin wasan kwaikwayo sune galibin saukowa na haped ion dosed gilashi.
Amfani da kayan ajiya na magneto
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin sarrafa hoto da kuma ofis na ofis, buƙatun sabon karfin magnetic fikafikan yana ƙaruwa. Amorphous M karfe mai amfani da karfe Alloy na bakin fina-finai an yi amfani dashi don samar da fina-finai na Magneto na sihiri. Daga gare su, TBFEO Sehoyen bakin ciki fim yana da mafi kyawun aikin. An samar da tushen Terbium da kayan ganima na Terbium a kan babban sikeli, da kuma fa'idodin Magneto da aka yi daga gare su ana amfani da su azaman kayan ajiya na kwamfuta, tare da karfin ajiya ya karu da sau 10-15. Suna da fa'idodi na babban iko da saurin samun dama, kuma ana iya goge da kuma mai rufi dubunnan lokutan. Suna da mahimman kayan cikin fasahar adana lantarki. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da Magneto da aka fi amfani da Magneto a bayyane kuma kusa-infrared bands sune tushen kwandon shara na Magneto da Isolesors.
Don gilashin gyara Magneto
Gilashin Tagagewa na Ganyayyaki na Magneto yana da kyakkyawar magana da isotropy a cikin yankuna masu gani da kuma haifar da yankuna masu haɗuwa da yawa, kuma suna iya samar da sifofi daban-daban. Abu ne mai sauki ka samar da manyan kayayyaki kuma ana iya jawo shi cikin zaruruwa na ganima. Sabili da haka, yana da babban kyakkyawan aikace-aikace na aikace-aikacen Magneto kamar Magneto na sihiri, da fiber Eptic na'urori masu auna fifiko. Saboda babban lokacin magnetic da kananan shaye-shaye a bayyane kuma infrared kewayon, tb3 ions sun yi amfani da karancin tabarau na yau da kullun a cikin tabarau na Magneto.
DyBium dysprosus merromagnous
A ƙarshen karni na 20, tare da ci gaba da zurfafa zurfafa zurfin juyin juya halin duniya, sabbin kayan aikin aikace-aikacen duniya suna saurin fitowa. A cikin 1984, Jami'ar Jihar Iowa, ta amsalen dakin binciken makamashi na Amurka, daga inda manyan ma'aikatan fasahar kasa da ke da shi daga baya suka kafa. Wannan sabon abu na hikima yana da kwarai da halaye halaye da sauri na canza makamashi na lantarki zuwa cikin kuzari. Mafi na karkashin ruwa da kuma wucin gadi da aka yi da wannan kayan aikin na navalostrities da aka samu nasarar daidaita a cikin kayan aikin nazar, da kuma binciken sarrafa mai, da kuma binciken sarrafa mai da tsarin sadarwa da kuma tsarin sadarwa. Sabili da haka, da zaran an haifi Irbium dyspprosist Irbnprits kayan da aka haife, an karɓi kulawa daga ƙasashe a duniya. Elegy Enerologies a cikin Amurka ya fara samar da terbium dyspprostium Ironan kayan jikin kayan jikin gypprosium mannyostostos.
Daga tarihin ci gaban wannan kayan a Amurka, sabuwar dabara ta kayan da farkon aikace-aikacenta suna da alaƙa kai tsaye ga masana'antar soji. Kodayake sojojin Sojojin China da keta suna ƙarfafa fahimtarsu game da wannan kayan. Koyaya, tare da haɓaka haɓaka ƙarfin ƙasar Sin, buƙatar cimma nasarar dabarun gasa na kasar Sin da ci gaba da inganta matakan kayan aiki tabbas zasu kasance da gaggawa sosai. Saboda haka, yadudduka amfani da jikin gybium dysprosium Irprosion kayan da sassan tsaro da kamfanoni na ƙasa zai zama babban taron tarihi.
A takaice, da yawa kyakkyawan kaddarorin naterbiumSanya shi memba mai mahimmanci na kayan aiki da yawa na ayyuka a cikin wasu filayen aikace-aikacen. Koyaya, saboda babban farashin ƙasa, mutane suna karatun yadda za su guji da rage amfani da Terbium don rage farashin samarwa. Misali, abu mai wuya Magneto-kayan kayan ganima yakamata ya kamata suyi amfani da karancin farashidysppprosium baƙin ƙarfeCobalt ko Gadolinium Terbium Cobalt kamar yadda zai yiwu; Yi ƙoƙarin rage abubuwan da ke cikin terbium a cikin kore mai haske mai da dole ne a yi amfani da shi. Farashin ya zama muhimmin mahimmanci game da yaduwar amfani daterbium. Amma kayan aikin da yawa ba za su iya yi ba tare da shi ba, saboda haka dole ne mu bi ka'idodin "ta amfani da karfe mai kyau a cikin ruwa" kuma yi ƙoƙarin adana amfaninterbiumgwargwadon iko.
Lokaci: Oct-25-2023