Terbiummallakar rukuni na nauyim duniya, tare da karancin yalwa a cikin ɓawon burodi na ƙasa a kawai 1.1 ppm. Asusun ajiya na terbide na ƙasa da kashi 0.01% na duka ƙasan duniya. Ko da a cikin manyan yttrium ion nau'in ƙasa mai nauyi mai rauni tare da mafi girman abun ciki na abubuwan da aka rasa, wanda ke nuna cewa '' SANAR '' YAWAN JUST ƙasa. Sama da shekaru 100 tun lokacin da na gano Terbium a cikin 1843, karancin sa da darajarta sun hana aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da shi na dogon lokaci. Yana cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata cewa Terbium ya nuna baiwa ta musamman.
Gano Tarihi
Yaren mutanen Sweden Chemist Carl Mosander ya gano Terbium a 1843. Ya sami ƙazanta a cikiYttrium (iii) oxidedaY2o3. An mai suna YTTTRIIIIS bayan garinshen Yantanta a Sweden. Kafin fitowar fasahar musayar ta Ion, ba a ware ta Terbium a cikin tsarkakakken tsari ba.
Mosan Mata sun rarraba YTTrium (III) Ores uku, duk suna bayan Ores: Yttrium (iii) oxide,Erbium (iii) oxide, da kuma beliifide na terbiide. An haɗa da Orbide Orbaide asali na ɓangaren ruwan hoda, saboda kashi yanzu da aka sani da Erbium. "Erbium (III) oxide" (ciki har da abin da muke kira Terbium) asali ne asali bangare ne mai mahimmanci ɓangare a cikin mafita. Anyi la'akari da Oxide na ciki na wannan kashi na ainihi ana ɗaukar launin ruwan kasa.
Daga baya ma'aikata za su iya lura da ƙaramin launi mara launi "Erbium (iII) Orbide", amma ba za a iya watsi da solable Part ba a yin watsi da shi. Muhawara game da kasancewar Erbium (iii) oxide suna da orisen akai-akai. A cikin hargitsi, asalin sunan ya koma da musayar sun makale, saboda haka ruwan hoda na ruwan hoda ya ambaci erbium (a cikin maganin, yana da ruwan hoda). Yanzu an yi imani cewa ma'aikata waɗanda suke amfani da sodium bisulfate ko potassium sulfateCerium (iv) oxidedaga yttrium (iii) oxide da ba da dorewa ba a cikin laka da ke dauke da Cerium. Kusan 1% na asali yttrium (iii) oxide, yanzu da aka sani da "Terbium", ya isa ya wuce launi mai launin shuɗi zuwa yttrium (iii) oxide. Saboda haka, filin terbium wani bangare ne na sakan da farko ya ƙunshi shi, kuma maƙwabta na gaba ne, gadolinium da dysprosum.
Bayan haka, duk lokacin da sauran mutane da yawa suka rabu daga wannan cakuda, ba tare da riƙe oxide ba har a ƙarshe, an sami sunan ƙasa mai tsarkakakke. Masu bincike a cikin karni na 19 bai yi amfani da fasaha mai haske ko kore ba, III), yana sauƙaƙa ga terbium da za a san su cikin mawuyuka ko mafita.
Kanfigron Kanfigareshan
Kanfigress Kanfigareshan:
1s2 2s2 2s2 2s2 3s2 3s2 3d10 4p6 4s2 4D10 2s2 4F9
Tsarin lantarki na Terbium shine [xe] 6s24f9. A yadda aka saba, za a iya cire waya guda uku kawai kafin cajin nukiliya ya zama da girma sosai don kara yaduwar wakoki na hudu don zama isivel, Semi Cika Terbium, Semi Cika Ilidron na hudu don a ci gaba da ionizal a gaban abubuwan da ke da karfi kamar gas.
Terbium farar fata ne mai launin fata ƙasa da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe tare da karkara, mai tauri, da taushi da za'a iya yanka tare da wuka. Motsa maki 1360 ℃, tafkin tafasa 3123 ℃, desenity 8229 4kg / m3. Idan aka kwatanta shi da farkon LanthanIde, yana da ban tsoro a cikin iska. Kamar yadda kashi na tara na Lanthanide, terbium ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfe tare da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi. Yana da ruwa da ruwa don samar da hydrogen.
A cikin yanayi, ba a gano terbium ya zama mai kyauta ba, ƙaramin adadin wanda yake akwai a cikin yashi mai faɗi da kuma gora mara iyaka. Terbium Coexists tare da sauran karancin abubuwan duniya a cikin yashi na Monazite, tare da gaba daya 0.03% abun ciki na ƙasa. Sauran hanyoyin sune Xenotime da baƙi masu rare na zinare, duka biyun sune abubuwan da ake cakuda okes kuma sun ƙunshi har zuwa 1% na Terbium.
Roƙo
Aikace-aikacen Terbium galibi ya iya haɗawa da manyan filayen fasaha, waɗanda ke da ilimin fasaha masu zurfi da yankan albarkatu, tare da ayyukan da ke cike da tattalin arziƙi, tare da ayyukan ci gaba mai kyau.
Babban kayan aikace-aikacen sun hada da:
(1) Amfani da shi a cikin nau'in hadewar duniya. Misali, ana amfani dashi azaman mai takin ƙasa mai wuya da ciyarwar abinci don noma.
(2) Mai kunnawa ga foda na kore a cikin uku na fitlai masu santsi. Abubuwan da kayan zamani na zamani suna buƙatar amfani da launuka uku na asali, wato ja, kore, da shuɗi, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da launuka daban-daban. Kuma terbium wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin manyan masu kyalli kore masu haske.
(3) Amfani dashi azaman kayan ajiya na Magneto. Amorphous M karfe mai saurin ƙarfe ana amfani da su don samar da fina-finai mai zurfi na magneto-optical drops.
(4) masana'antu magneto optical gilashin. Gilashin Gilashin Gilashin Juyinar da ke dauke da Terbium wani mahimmin abu ne na masana'antu masu jabu, Isolesors, da wurare a cikin fasahar laser.
(5) Ci gaban da ci gaban Terbium Dysprosusum na Ferbromagnousricats alloy (Terfenol) ya buɗe sabbin aikace-aikace don Terbium.
Don aikin gona da Noma
R Spellow ƙasa mai wuya a iya inganta ingancin amfanin gona da ƙara yawan Photethnesis a cikin wasu kewayon tattarawa. A terbium hadaddun aiki aiki. Ternary hadaddun terbium, tb (Ala) 3benim (clo4o, bata lokaci mai illa da kwayar cuta ta Aureus, Bacillus Subtilis da Eriherichia Cori. Suna da bakan kwandon shara. Nazarin irin wannan hadaddun yana ba da sabon shugabanci na bincike na kwayoyi na yau da kullun.
Amfani a filin luminescence
Abubuwan da kayan zamani na zamani suna buƙatar amfani da launuka uku na asali, wato ja, kore, da shuɗi, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da launuka daban-daban. Kuma terbium wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin manyan masu kyalli kore masu haske. Idan haihuwar ƙasa mai launi mai launin ja da ke jan launi mai kyalli ya inganta buƙatun Yttrium da kuma Europium, sannan aikace-aikace da ci gaba da aka inganta suna da launi mai haske. A farkon shekarun 1980, Philips ya ƙirƙira kwallon duniya ta farko mai ƙarfin lantarki mai kyalli kuma cikin sauri ya inganta shi a duniya. TB3 + ions na iya fitar da haske kore tare da girgiza na 545nm, kuma kusan dukkanin rassan duniya masu amfani da terbium a matsayin mai kunnawa.
A kore phosphor don launi talabijin na Catrude na Catrude ya dogara da sulfiyar zinc na walƙiya, wanda yake da tsada koyaushe, amma ya zo) 5o12: TB3 + da Laobr: tb3. Tare da cigaban manyan talabi'un talabijin na HDTV: HDTV), babban-wasan kwaikwayon Green Freorescent Powders don ana ci gaba da bunkasa. Misali, clroory kore mai walƙiya mai walƙiya ya haɓaka waje, wanda ya ƙunshi Y3 (Al, Ga) 5o12: wanda suna da kyakkyawan lmencescences mai kyau a high yawa.
X-Raylescent foda shine allon allial tungstate. A cikin 1970s da 1980s, da wuya wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa don ci gaba, kamar su a farfajiya na erbur na iya rage yawan iska na iya rage lokacin iska Don marasa lafiya da kashi 80%, inganta ƙudurin kayan aikin X-ray, haɓaka gidan ɗimbin bututun X-ray, kuma rage yawan makamashi. Hakanan ana amfani da terbium a matsayin mai kunna fulawa na mai kunnawa don sa ido na X-ray, inganta 50s zuwa jikin mutum (ta fiye da 50%).
Hakanan ana amfani da terbium a matsayin mai kunnawa a cikin farin ya jefa phosphor ya yi farin ciki da Blue Haske don sabon wutar lantarki. Ana iya amfani da shi don samar da aluminum na sihiri na maganadia na sihiri, ta amfani da hasken rana mai haske, da hasken wutar lantarki mai haske don samar da farin hasken farin.
Abubuwan da aka zaɓa da aka yi da Terbium galibi sun haɗa da zinc sulfide kore phosphor tare da terbium kamar mai kunnawa. A karkashin m ultviolet m, hadaddun kwayar halitta na terbium na iya fitar da karfi mai kyakya mai sanyi kuma za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kayan kwalliyar ruwa na bakin ciki. Kodayake an sami mahimmancin ci gaba a cikin binciken da ke da ƙarancin fina-finai na bakin ciki, har yanzu akwai wasu rata daga amfani, da bincike akan m duniya fina-daban da na'urori har yanzu suna zurfin.
Hakanan ana amfani da sifofin alfarma na terbium kamar yadda ake nema. Misali, na +Cacacin terbium (tb3) bincike mai kyalli da aka yi amfani da shi don nazarin ma'amala tsakanin na kwayar cutar ta DNA, da kuma DNA na iya inganta mai kyalli mai kyalli mai kyalli. Ofloxacin tb3 + tsarin. Dangane da wannan canjin, za a iya tantance DNA.
Ga kayan gyara magneto
Kayan aiki tare da tasirin wasa, wanda kuma aka sani da Magneto-kayan kayan optical, ana yin amfani da shi sosai a cikin LASER da sauran kayan aikin gani. Akwai nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu na Magneto: lu'ulu'u na sihiri na Magneto da Gilashin Tuban wuta da Gloto. Daga gare su, Magneto-lu'ulu'u ne na ƙarfe (kamar yanknan gallet da terbium gallennet da kuma kwanciyar hankali na mitar aiki da kwanciyar hankali da wahala don samarwa. Bugu da kari, yawancin lu'ulu'u-fitattun lu'ulu'u tare da kusurwa mai juyawa na da yawa suna da yawan ɗaukar hoto a cikin gajeren hanyar da suka dace. Gilashin tsinkaye na Magneto na Magneto yana da fa'idar sakamako mai ma'ana kuma yana da sauƙin yin cikin manyan tubalan ko zaruruwa. A halin yanzu, tabarau na Magneto-Optical tare da tasirin wasan kwaikwayo sune galibin saukowa na haped ion dosed gilashi.
Amfani da kayan ajiya na magneto
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin sarrafa hoto da kuma ofis na ofis, buƙatun sabon karfin magnetic fikafikan yana ƙaruwa. Amorphous M karfe mai amfani da karfe an yi amfani da kayan finafinan kayan kwalliya don samarwa babban aikin Magneto-Optical fom. Daga gare su, TBFEO Sehoyen bakin ciki fim yana da mafi kyawun aikin. An samar da tushen Terbium da kayan ganima na Terbium a kan babban sikeli, da kuma fa'idodin Magneto da aka yi daga gare su ana amfani da su azaman kayan ajiya na kwamfuta, tare da karfin ajiya ya karu da sau 10-15. Suna da fa'idodi na babban iko da saurin samun dama, kuma ana iya goge da kuma mai rufi dubunnan lokutan. Suna da mahimman kayan cikin fasahar adana lantarki. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da Magneto da aka fi amfani da Magneto a bayyane kuma kusa-infrared bands sune tushen kwandon shara na Magneto da Isolesors.
Don gilashin gyara Magneto
Gilashin Tagagewa na Ganyayyaki na Magneto yana da kyakkyawar magana da isotropy a cikin yankuna masu gani da kuma haifar da yankuna masu haɗuwa da yawa, kuma suna iya samar da sifofi daban-daban. Abu ne mai sauki ka samar da manyan kayayyaki kuma ana iya jawo shi cikin zaruruwa na ganima. Sabili da haka, yana da babban kyakkyawan aikace-aikace na aikace-aikacen Magneto kamar Magneto na sihiri, da fiber Eptic na'urori masu auna fifiko. Saboda babban lokacin magnetic da kananan shaye-shaye a bayyane kuma infrared kewayon, tb3 ions sun yi amfani da karancin tabarau na yau da kullun a cikin tabarau na Magneto.
DyBium dysprosus merromagnous
A ƙarshen karni na 20, tare da zurfafa zurfin juyin juya halin duniya da fasaha, sabon abu na yau da kullun suna fitowa da sauri. A cikin 1984, Jami'ar Jihar Iowa na Amurka, da keta dakin bincike na Amurka da kuma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Amurka ta tabbatar da sabon abu na Amurka mai tawali'u na Amurka mai wayo. Wannan sabon abu mai wayo yana da ingantattun halaye na sauri canza makamashi na lantarki zuwa makamashi na inji. Mafi na karkashin ruwa da kuma wucin gadi da aka yi da wannan kayan aikin na navalostrities da aka samu nasarar daidaita a cikin kayan aikin nazar, da kuma binciken sarrafa mai, da kuma binciken sarrafa mai da tsarin sadarwa da kuma tsarin sadarwa. Sabili da haka, da zaran an haifi Irbium dyspprosist Irbnprits kayan da aka haife, an karɓi kulawa daga ƙasashe a duniya. Elegy Enerologies a cikin Amurka ya fara samar da terbium dyspprostium Ironan kayan jikin kayan jikin gypprosium mannyostostos.
Daga tarihin ci gaban wannan kayan a Amurka, sabuwar dabara ta kayan da farkon aikace-aikacenta suna da alaƙa kai tsaye ga masana'antar soji. Kodayake sojojin Sojojin China da keta suna ƙarfafa fahimtarsu game da wannan kayan. Koyaya, bayan da aka kara da cikakken iko na kasar Sin mai muhimmanci, da buƙatun don gano dabarun gasa a karni na 21 da inganta matakin kayan aiki zai kasance mai matukar gaggawa. Saboda haka, yadudduka amfani da jikin gybium dysprosium Irprosion kayan da sassan tsaro da kamfanoni na ƙasa zai zama babban taron tarihi.
A takaice, da yawa kyakkyawan kaddarorin na Terbium sanya shi memba na kayan aiki da yawa suna aiki a wasu filayen aikace-aikacen. Koyaya, saboda babban farashin ƙasa, mutane suna karatun yadda za su guji da rage amfani da Terbium don rage farashin samarwa. Misali, abu mai wuya Magneto-kayan abu ya kamata suma amfani da low-costpprosium orppp compptop ko gaddolinium terbium kamar yadda zai yiwu; Yi ƙoƙarin rage abubuwan da ke cikin terbium a cikin kore mai haske mai da dole ne a yi amfani da shi. Farashin ya zama muhimmin mahimmanci game da yaduwar yaduwa da terbium. Amma kayan aikin da yawa ba za su iya yi ba tare da shi ba, don haka dole ne mu bi ka'idodin "ta amfani da karfe mai kyau a cikin ruwa" kuma yi ƙoƙarin adana amfani da terbium kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Lokaci: Jul-05-2023