A matsayin haske mai haske wanda ke da mahimmanci ga kayan sufuri na jirgin sama, macroscopic injunan kayan aikin aluminum gami suna da alaƙa da ƙananan tsarin sa. Ta hanyar canza manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin tsarin gami na aluminium, ana iya canza microstructure na alloy na aluminium, kuma macroscopic kaddarorin injiniyoyi da sauran kaddarorin (kamar juriya na lalata da aikin walda) na kayan za a iya inganta su sosai. Har zuwa yanzu, microalloying ya zama mafi kyawun dabarun ci gaban fasaha don haɓaka ƙananan ƙirar aluminum gami da haɓaka cikakkun kaddarorin kayan gami na aluminum.Scandium(Sc) shine mafi inganci mai haɓaka nau'in haɓakaccen microalloying wanda aka sani da allo na aluminium. Solubility na scandium a cikin matrix aluminum yana da ƙasa da 0.35 wt.%, Ƙara nau'ikan nau'ikan scandium zuwa allo na aluminium na iya inganta haɓakar ƙananan ƙwayoyin su yadda ya kamata, haɓaka ƙarfin su, taurin, filastik, kwanciyar hankali na thermal, da juriya na lalata. Scandium yana da tasirin jiki da yawa a cikin allunan aluminium, gami da ingantaccen bayani ƙarfafawa, ƙarfafa barbashi, da hana recrystallization. Wannan labarin zai gabatar da ci gaban tarihi, ci gaba na baya-bayan nan, da yuwuwar aikace-aikace na scandium dauke da alluran aluminium a fagen kera kayan aikin jirgin sama.
Bincike da Ci gaban Aluminum Scandium Alloy
Bugu da kari na scandium a matsayin alloying kashi zuwa aluminum gami za a iya gano baya zuwa 1960s. A wancan lokacin, yawancin ayyukan an gudanar da su ne a cikin binary Al Sc da na ternary AlMg Sc alloy systems. A cikin 1970s, Cibiyar Baykov na Metallurgy da Materials Science na Soviet Academy of Sciences da All Rasha Institute of Light Alloy Research gudanar da wani tsari na nazari a kan tsari da kuma inji na scandium a aluminum gami. Bayan kusan shekaru arba'in na ƙoƙari, 14 maki na aluminum scandium alloys an ɓullo da a cikin manyan jerin guda uku (Al Mg Sc, Al Li Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc). Solubility na scandium atom a cikin aluminum yana da ƙasa, kuma ta hanyar amfani da matakan kula da zafi masu dacewa, za a iya haɓaka hazo mai girma na Al3Sc nano. Wannan lokacin hazo yana kusa da siffa, tare da ƙananan barbashi da rarrabawa, kuma yana da kyakkyawar alaƙa mai daidaituwa tare da matrix na aluminum, wanda zai iya haɓaka ƙarfin zafin ɗakin na alloy na aluminum. Bugu da kari, Al3Sc nano precipitates da kyau thermal kwanciyar hankali da coarsening juriya a high yanayin zafi (a cikin 400 ℃), wanda yake shi ne musamman m ga karfi zafi juriya na gami. A cikin Rashan da aka yi aluminium scandium gami, 1570 alloy ya ja hankalin mutane da yawa saboda ƙarfinsa da mafi girman aikace-aikacensa. Wannan gami yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki a cikin kewayon zafin aiki na -196 ℃ zuwa 70 ℃ kuma yana da superplasticity na halitta, wanda zai iya maye gurbin LF6 aluminum gami da Rashanci (alluminium magnesium alloy wanda ya ƙunshi aluminum, magnesium, jan karfe, manganese, da silicon) don tsarin walda mai ɗaukar nauyi a cikin matsakaiciyar ruwa oxygen, tare da ingantaccen ingantaccen aiki. Bugu da kari, Rasha kuma ta ƙera aluminum zinc magnesium scandium gami, wanda aka wakilta ta 1970, tare da ƙarfin kayan sama da 500MPa.
Matsayin Masana'antu naAluminum Scandium Alloy
A cikin 2015, Tarayyar Turai ta fitar da "Taswirar Metallurgical na Turai: Abubuwan Haɓakawa ga Masana'antun da Masu Amfani da Ƙarshen", suna ba da shawarar yin nazarin weldability na aluminum.magnesium scandium alloys. A watan Satumba na 2020, Tarayyar Turai ta fitar da jerin mahimman albarkatun ma'adinai 29, ciki har da scandium. 5024H116 aluminum magnesium scandium alloy wanda Ale Aluminum ya haɓaka a Jamus yana da matsakaici zuwa babban ƙarfi da haɓakar lalacewa, yana mai da shi abu mai ban sha'awa ga fuselage fata. Ana iya amfani da shi don maye gurbin 2xxx na al'ada na al'ada aluminium kuma an haɗa shi cikin littafin AIMS na Airbus' AIMS03-01-055. 5028 shine ingantaccen sa na 5024, wanda ya dace da waldawar laser da walƙiya mai jujjuyawa. Zai iya cimma tsarin ƙirƙirar bangon bangon bangon hyperbolic, wanda yake da juriya kuma baya buƙatar murfin aluminum. Idan aka kwatanta da 2524 gami, gabaɗayan tsarin bangon bango na fuselage na iya cimma raguwar nauyin tsarin 5%. An yi amfani da takardar AA5024-H116 aluminum scandium alloy takardar da Kamfanin Aili Aluminum ya samar don kera fuselage na jirgin sama da kayan aikin sararin samaniya. A hankula kauri na AA5024-H116 gami takardar ne 1.6mm zuwa 8.0mm, kuma saboda da low yawa, matsakaici inji Properties, high lalata juriya, da kuma m girma sabawa, shi zai iya maye gurbin 2524 gami a matsayin fuselage fata abu. A halin yanzu, takaddar alloy AA5024-H116 ta sami takaddun shaida ta Airbus AIMS03-04-055. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2018, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta kasar Sin ta fitar da "Katalogi na Jagora don Nuna Bakin Farko na Sakandare na Babban Sabbin Kayayyaki (2018 Edition)", wanda ya hada da "Scandium oxide mai tsafta" a cikin kundin ci gaban sabbin masana'antar. A cikin 2019, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta kasar Sin ta fitar da "Katalogi na Jagora don Batch na Farko na Aikace-aikacen Muhimman Mahimman Mahimman Ma'adanai (2019 Edition)", wanda ya haɗa da "Sc dauke da kayan sarrafa kayan alumini da Al Si Sc walƙiya wayoyi" a cikin kundin ci gaban sabbin masana'antar. Kamfanin Sin Aluminum Group Northeast Light Alloy ya ƙera Al Mg Sc Zr jerin 5B70 gami mai ɗauke da scandium da zirconium. Idan aka kwatanta da al'adar Al Mg jerin 5083 gami ba tare da scandium da zirconium ba, yawan amfanin sa da ƙarfin tensile ya karu da fiye da 30%. Haka kuma, Al Mg Sc Zr gami na iya kula da juriya mai kama da 5083 gami. A halin yanzu, manyan kamfanoni na cikin gida tare da darajar masana'antualuminum scandium alloyƘarfin samarwa shine Kamfanin Hasken Haske na Arewa maso Gabas da Masana'antar Aluminum na Kudu maso Yamma. Babban girman 5B70 aluminum scandium alloy sheet wanda Northeast Light Alloy Co., Ltd ya haɓaka zai iya samar da manyan faranti masu kauri na aluminum tare da matsakaicin kauri na 70mm da matsakaicin girman 3500mm; Za a iya keɓance samfuran takarda na bakin ciki da samfuran bayanan martaba don samarwa, tare da kewayon kauri daga 2mm zuwa 6mm kuma matsakaicin nisa na 1500mm. Aluminum Kudu maso Yamma ya haɓaka kayan 5K40 da kansa kuma ya sami babban ci gaba a cikin haɓaka faranti na bakin ciki. Al Zn Mg alloy ne lokacin hardening gami tare da babban ƙarfi, mai kyau aiki yi, da kuma kyakkyawan walda yi. Yana da makawa kuma muhimmin kayan tsari a cikin motocin sufuri na yanzu kamar jiragen sama. A kan tushen matsakaici ƙarfi weldable AlZn Mg, ƙara scandium da zirconium gami abubuwa iya samar da kananan da kuma tarwatsa Al3 (Sc, Zr) nanoparticles a cikin microstructure, muhimmanci inganta inji Properties da danniya lalata juriya na gami. Cibiyar Bincike ta Langley ta NASA ta ƙera wani alloy na aluminum scandium tare da darajar C557, wanda ke shirye don amfani da shi a cikin mishan. A tsaye ƙarfi, fasa yaduwa, da karaya taurin na wannan gami a low zafin jiki (-200 ℃), dakin zafin jiki, da kuma high zafin jiki (107 ℃) duk daidai suke ko fiye da na 2524 gami. Jami'ar Arewa maso yamma a Amurka ta ƙera AlZn Mg Sc alloy 7000 jerin ultra-high ƙarfi aluminum gami, tare da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi har zuwa 680MPa. An kafa tsarin haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin matsakaicin ƙarfi na aluminum scandium gami da ultra-high ƙarfi Al Zn Mg Sc. Al Zn Mg Cu Sc alloy wani babban ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfi na aluminium tare da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ya wuce 800 MPa. A halin yanzu, da maras muhimmanci abun da ke ciki da kuma asali yi sigogi na babban maki naaluminum scandium alloyan taƙaita su kamar haka, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tables 1 da 2.
Table 1 | Haɗin Kan Aluminum Scandium Alloy
Table 2 | Microstructure da Tensile Properties na Aluminum Scandium Alloy
Hasashen aikace-aikace na aluminum scandium gami
An yi amfani da allunan Al Zn Mg Cu Sc mai ƙarfi da Al CuLi Sc ga kayan aikin da ke ɗaukar kaya, gami da jiragen sama na MiG-21 na Rasha da MiG-29. Dashboard na jirgin saman Rasha "Mars-1" an yi shi da 1570 aluminum scandium gami, tare da jimlar rage nauyi na 20%. The load-hali aka gyara na kayan aiki module na Mars-96 kumbon jirgin sama na 1970 aluminum gami dauke da scandium, rage nauyi na kayan aiki module da aka gudanar da 10%. hadedde kaya riƙe kofa zane, bincike da ci gaba, masana'antu, da kuma shigarwa gwajin jirage ga A321 jirgin dangane da magaji sa AA5028-H116 aluminum scandium gami na 5024 aluminum scandium gami wakilta AA5028 nuna kyakkyawan aiki da waldi aiki kamar yadda abin dogara waldi waldi aiki. A hankali aiwatar da "welding maimakon riveting" a cikin jirgin sama karfafa bakin ciki farantin Tsarin ba kawai kula da daidaito na jirgin sama kayan da kuma tsarin mutunci, cimma ingantaccen da kuma low-cost masana'antu, amma kuma yana da nauyi rage da sealing effects. ƙarfin daidaitawa, da kuma kula da waldi saura danniya Ya shirya aluminum scandium gami adaptive waldi waya, da kuma hadin gwiwa ƙarfi coefficient na gogayya zuga waldi ga lokacin farin ciki faranti a cikin gami iya isa 0.92 China Academy of Space Technology, Central South University, da sauransu sun gudanar da m inji yi gwaji da kuma aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje a kan 5B70 abu, kyautata da kuma 5 itrated da makirci. 5B70 aluminium alloy zuwa babban tsarin bangon bangon sararin samaniya da aka rufe da gidan da aka dawo da shi gabaɗaya bangon bangon tsarin farantin an tsara shi tare da haɗin fata da haƙarƙarin ƙarfafawa, samun haɓaka tsarin haɓaka gabaɗaya da haɓakawa gabaɗaya 5B70 kayan aikin injiniya, da amfani da 5B70 abu zai sannu a hankali ƙara da kuma wuce da mafi ƙarancin wadata kofa, wanda zai taimaka tabbatar da ci gaba da samarwa da kuma barga ingancin albarkatun kasa, da kuma muhimmanci rage albarkatun kasa farashin kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ko da yake da yawa kaddarorin na aluminum gami da aka inganta ta hanyar scandium microalloying, da high price da scarcity na aikace-aikace na aluminum gami da Allunan ZnMg, scandium dauke da aluminum gami kayan da kyau m inji Properties, lalata juriya, da kuma kyakkyawan aiki halaye, wanda ya sa su da m aikace-aikace bege a cikin masana'antu na babban tsarin sassa a cikin masana'antu filayen kamar Aerospace Tare da ci gaba da zurfafa bincike a kan scandium microalloying fasaha da kuma inganta samar da sarkar da masana'antu sarkar matching, da farashin da kuma kudin da aikace-aikace na iya inganta masana'antu m inji Properties, lalata juriya, da kyau kwarai aiki halaye na aluminum scandium gami sanya su da bayyana tsarin nauyi rage abũbuwan amfãni da fadi da aikace-aikace m a fagen jirgin sama kayan aiki masana'antu.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-29-2024