Shiri na barium
Shirye-shiryen masana'antu nakarfe bariumya haɗa da matakai guda biyu: shirye-shiryen barium oxide da shirye-shiryen barium na ƙarfe ta hanyar rage zafin ƙarfe (rage aluminothermic).
| Samfura | Barium | ||
| CAS No | 7647-17-8 | ||
| Batch No. | Farashin 16121606 | Yawan: | 100.00kg |
| Kwanan watan masana'anta: | Dec, 16,2016 | Ranar gwaji: | Dec, 16,2016 |
| Gwajin Abun w/% | Sakamako | Gwajin Abun w/% | Sakamako |
| Ba | >99.92% | Sb | <0.0005 |
| Be | <0.0005 | Ca | 0.015 |
| Na | <0.001 | Sr | 0.045 |
| Mg | 0.0013 | Ti | <0.0005 |
| Al | 0.017 | Cr | <0.0005 |
| Si | 0.0015 | Mn | 0.0015 |
| K | <0.001 | Fe | <0.001 |
| As | <0.001 | Ni | <0.0005 |
| Sn | <0.0005 | Cu | <0.0005 |
| Matsayin Gwaji | Be, Na da sauran abubuwa 16: ICP-MS Ca, Sr: ICP-AES Ba: TC-TIC | ||
| Ƙarshe: | Bi ƙa'idar kasuwanci | ||
(1) Shiri barium oxide
Dole ne a fara zaɓin taman barite mai inganci da hannu kuma a sha ruwa, sannan a cire baƙin ƙarfe da silicon don samun abin da ya ƙunshi fiye da 96% barium sulfate. Ana gauraya foda mai girman barbashi kasa da raga 20 da gawayi ko man coke foda a ma'aunin nauyi na 4:1, kuma ana gasa shi a 1100 ℃ a cikin tanderun reverberatory. An rage barium sulfate zuwa barium sulfide (wanda aka fi sani da "black ash"), kuma ana zubar da maganin barium sulfide da aka samu da ruwan zafi. Don canza barium sulfide zuwa hazo barium carbonate, ana buƙatar ƙara sodium carbonate ko carbon dioxide cikin maganin barium sulfide mai ruwa. Barium oxide za a iya samu ta hanyar hada barium carbonate da carbon foda da calcining shi a sama 800 ℃. Ya kamata a lura cewa barium oxide ne oxidized don samar da barium peroxide a 500-700 ℃, kuma barium peroxide za a iya bazu zuwa samar da barium oxide a 700-800 ℃. Don haka, don guje wa samar da barium peroxide, samfurin calcined yana buƙatar sanyaya ko kashe shi a ƙarƙashin kariya ta iskar gas.
(2) Hanyar rage aluminothermic don samar da barium na ƙarfe
Saboda daban-daban sinadaran, akwai biyu halayen aluminum rage barium oxide:
6BaO+2Al→3BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑
Ko: 4BaO+2Al→BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑
A 1000-1200 ℃, waɗannan halayen guda biyu suna samar da barium kaɗan, don haka ana buƙatar famfo famfo don ci gaba da canja wurin tururin barium daga yankin amsawa zuwa yankin naɗaɗɗen raƙuman ruwa ta yadda yanayin zai iya ci gaba da ci gaba zuwa dama. Ragowar bayan abin yana da guba kuma yana buƙatar kulawa kafin a iya jefar da shi.
Shiri na gama gari na barium
(1) Hanyar shiri na barium carbonate
① Hanyar Carbonization
Hanyar carbonization galibi ta ƙunshi haɗa barite da gawayi a cikin wani ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙima, murkushe su cikin kiln rotary da calcining da rage su a 1100-1200 ℃ don samun narke barium sulfide. An shigar da carbon dioxide a cikin maganin barium sulfide don carbonization, kuma abin da ya faru shine kamar haka:
BaS+CO2+H2O=BaCO3+H2S
Barium carbonate slurry da aka samu an desulfurized, wanke da injin tacewa, sa'an nan kuma bushe da crushed a 300 ℃ don samun gama barium carbonate samfurin. Wannan hanya yana da sauƙi a cikin tsari kuma yana da ƙananan farashi, don haka yawancin masana'antun ke karɓa.
② Hanyar ruɓewa sau biyu
Barium sulfide da ammonium carbonate sun sha bazuwar halayen sau biyu, kuma abin da ya faru shine kamar haka:
BaS+(NH4)2CO3=BaCO3+(NH4)2S
Ko kuma barium chloride yana amsawa tare da potassium carbonate, kuma martanin shine kamar haka:
BaCl2+K2CO3=BaCO3+2KCl
Samfurin da aka samu daga abin da aka yi ana wanke shi, tacewa, bushewa, da dai sauransu don samun samfurin barium carbonate da aka gama.
③ Hanyar Barium carbonate
Ana mayar da foda na Barium carbonate da gishiri ammonium don samar da gishiri mai narkewa, kuma ana sake yin amfani da ammonium carbonate. Ana ƙara gishirin barium mai narkewa a cikin ammonium carbonate don haɓaka ingantaccen barium carbonate, wanda aka tace kuma a bushe don yin samfurin da aka gama. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya sake yin amfani da giya na mahaifiyar da aka samu. Amsar ita ce kamar haka:
BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+H2O+CO2
BaCl2+2NH4OH=Ba(OH)2+2NH4Cl
Ba(OH)2+CO2=BaCO3+H2O
(2) Hanyar shiri na barium titanate
① Hanyar lokaci mai ƙarfi
Ana iya samun titanate na Barium ta hanyar yin lissafin barium carbonate da titanium dioxide, kuma ana iya shigar da kowane kayan a ciki. Amsar ita ce kamar haka:
TiO2 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑
② Hanyar hazo
Barium chloride da titanium tetrachloride ana hada su a narkar da su daidai gwargwado, sai a yi zafi zuwa 70°C, sannan a zuba oxalic acid a juye-juye don samun hydrated barium titanyl oxalate [BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O], a wanke, a bushe, sannan a samu pyrolyzed a samu barium titanate. Amsar ita ce kamar haka:
BaCl2 + TiCl4 + 2H2C2O4 + 5H2O = BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O↓ + 6HCl
BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O = BaTiO3 + 2CO2↑ + 2CO↑ + 4H2O
Bayan bugun metatitanic acid, ana ƙara maganin barium chloride, sa'an nan kuma ammonium carbonate ana ƙara a ƙarƙashin motsawa don samar da kwatankwacin barium carbonate da metatitanic acid, wanda aka ƙirƙira don samun samfurin. Amsar ita ce kamar haka:
BaCl2 + (NH4)2CO3 = BaCO3 + 2NH4Cl
H2TiO3 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑ + H2O
(3) Shiri barium chloride
Tsarin samar da barium chloride ya ƙunshi hanyar hydrochloric acid, hanyar barium carbonate, hanyar calcium chloride da hanyar magnesium chloride bisa ga hanyoyi daban-daban ko albarkatun ƙasa.
① Hanyar hydrochloric acid. Lokacin da aka bi da barium sulfide tare da hydrochloric acid, babban abin da ke faruwa shine:
BaS+2HCI=BaCl2+H2S↑+Q
② Hanyar Barium carbonate. Anyi tare da barium carbonate (barium carbonate) azaman albarkatun ƙasa, babban halayen sune:
BaCO3+2HCI=BaCl2+CO2↑+H2O
Hanyar carbonization
Illar barium akan lafiyar dan adam
Ta yaya barium ke shafar lafiya?
Barium ba wani abu ne mai mahimmanci ga jikin ɗan adam ba, amma yana da tasiri mai yawa akan lafiyar ɗan adam. Ana iya fallasa Barium zuwa barium yayin haƙar ma'adinan barium, narkewa, masana'anta, da kuma amfani da mahadi na barium. Barium da mahadi na iya shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar numfashi, tsarin narkewa, da lalacewa ta fata. Guba barium na sana'a yana faruwa ne ta hanyar shakar numfashi, wanda ke faruwa a cikin haɗari yayin samarwa da amfani; gubar barium wadda ba ta sana’a ba tana faruwa ne ta hanyar cin abinci mai narkewa, galibi ta hanyar kwatsam; za a iya tsotse mahadi na barium mai narkewa ta hanyar fata mai rauni. Mummunan gubar barium yawanci yana faruwa ne ta hanyar shiga cikin haɗari.
Amfani da likita
(1) Radiyon abinci na Barium
Radiyon abinci na Barium, wanda kuma aka sani da digestive tract barium radiography, hanya ce ta jarrabawa wacce ke amfani da barium sulfate a matsayin wakili mai ban sha'awa don nuna ko akwai raunuka a cikin sashin narkewar abinci a ƙarƙashin hasken X-ray. Radiyon abinci na Barium shine shigar da baki na abubuwan da suka bambanta, kuma barium sulfate na magani da aka yi amfani da shi azaman wakili mai bambanci ba shi da narkewa a cikin ruwa da lipids kuma ba za a sha da mucosa na gastrointestinal ba, don haka asali ba mai guba bane ga ɗan adam.
Dangane da buƙatun ganewar asibiti da magani, za a iya raba radiyon abinci na abinci na gastrointestinal zuwa abinci na barium na sama, duk abincin barium na gastrointestinal, barium enema na hanji da ƙananan barium enema na hanji.
Barium guba
Hanyoyi na fallasa
Barium za a iya fallasa subariuma lokacin hakar ma'adinan barium, narkewa, da masana'antu. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da barium da mahadi. Gishiri mai guba na yau da kullun sun haɗa da barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium sulfide, barium nitrate, da barium oxide. Wasu abubuwan buƙatun yau da kullun kuma sun ƙunshi barium, kamar barium sulfide a cikin magungunan cire gashi. Wasu magungunan kashe kwari na noma ko rodenticides suma sun ƙunshi gishirin barium mai narkewa kamar barium chloride da barium carbonate.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-15-2025