Yanzu kasar Sin tana samar da kashi 80% na nau'in neodymium-praseodymium na duniya, hade da karafa da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, da ke da matukar muhimmanci ga kera manyan ma'adanai na dindindin.
Ana amfani da waɗannan maganadiso a cikin tuƙi na motocin lantarki (EVs), don haka juyin juya halin EV da ake tsammanin zai buƙaci haɓaka kayayyaki daga masu hakar ƙasa da ba kasafai ba.
Kowane EV drivetrain yana buƙatar har zuwa 2kg na neodymium-praseodymium oxide - amma injin turbine kai tsaye na megawatt uku yana amfani da 600kg. Neodymium-praseodymium yana cikin sashin sanyaya iska a ofis ko bangon gida.
Amma, a cewar wasu hasashe, nan da wasu shekaru masu zuwa, kasar Sin za ta bukaci zama mai shigo da kayayyakin neodymium-praseodymium - kuma, kamar yadda yake a yanzu, Ostiraliya ita ce kasar da ta fi dacewa ta cike wannan gibin.
Godiya ga kamfanin Lynas (ASX: LYC), kasar ta riga ta zama kasa ta biyu a duniya wajen samar da kasa mai saurin kisa, ko da yake har yanzu tana samar da wani kaso na abin da kasar Sin ke samarwa. Amma, akwai abubuwa da yawa masu zuwa.
Kamfanoni huɗu na Ostiraliya sun sami ci gaba sosai na ayyukan ƙasa na baya, inda aka mai da hankali kan neodymium-praseodymium a matsayin mabuɗin fitarwa. Uku daga cikinsu suna cikin Ostiraliya kuma na huɗu a Tanzaniya.
Bugu da ƙari, muna da Ma'adanai na Arewa (ASX: NTU) tare da abubuwan da ake nema bayan manyan abubuwan duniya masu nauyi (HREE), dysprosium da terbium, wanda ke mamaye babban ɗakin sa na ƙasa a aikin Browns Range a Yammacin Ostiraliya.
Daga cikin sauran 'yan wasan, Amurka tana da ma'adinan Dutsen Pass, amma hakan ya dogara ga China don sarrafa kayan aikinta.
Akwai wasu ayyuka daban-daban na Arewacin Amurka, amma babu ɗayan abin da za a iya ɗauka a shirye-shiryen gini.
Indiya, Vietnam, Brazil da Rasha suna samar da adadi kaɗan; akwai mahakar ma'adinai a Burundi, amma babu ɗayan waɗannan da ke da ikon ƙirƙirar masana'antar ƙasa mai mahimmanci a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Ma'adinan Arewa dole ne su yi wasan motsa jiki na gwajin gwaji na Browns Range a cikin WA na wucin gadi saboda dokar hana tafiye-tafiye na jihar da aka sanya saboda kwayar cutar ta COVID-19, amma kamfanin yana samar da samfura mai siyarwa.
Alkane Resources (ASX: ALK) yana mai da hankali sosai kan zinare a kwanakin nan kuma yana shirin rushe aikin fasahar karafa na Dubbo da zarar tashin hankalin kasuwar hannun jari ya ragu. Aikin zai yi ciniki daban kamar yadda Ostiraliya Strategic Metals.
Dubbo yana shirye-shiryen gine-gine: yana da duk mahimman amincewar gwamnatin tarayya da na jihohi kuma Alkane yana aiki tare da Zirconium Technology Corp (Ziron) na Koriya ta Kudu don gina masana'antar tsabtace karafa na matukin jirgi a Daejeon, birni na biyar mafi girma a Koriya ta Kudu.
Adadin Dubbo shine 43% zirconium, 10% hafnium, 30% rare earths da 17% niobium. Babban fifikon ƙasa na kamfanin shine neodymium-praseodymium.
Hastings Technology Metals (ASX: HAS) yana da aikinta na Yangibana, dake arewa maso gabas da Carnarvon a cikin WA. Tana da izinin muhallinta na Commonwealth don buɗaɗɗen ramin ma'adinan da masana'anta.
Hastings yana shirin samarwa ta 2022 tare da fitar da 3,400t na shekara-shekara na neodymium-praseodymium. Wannan, da dysprosium da terbium, an yi niyya don samar da kashi 92% na kudaden shiga na aikin.
Hastings ta kasance tana tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar hutu ta shekaru 10 tare da Schaeffler na Jamus, mai kera kayayyakin karafa, amma an jinkirta waɗannan tattaunawar sakamakon tasirin cutar COVID-19 kan masana'antar kera motoci ta Jamus. An kuma yi tattaunawa tare da ThyssenKrupp da abokin huldar Sinawa.
Albarkatun Arafura (ASX: ARU) ya fara rayuwa akan ASX a cikin 2003 azaman wasan ƙarfe na ƙarfe amma ba da daɗewa ba ya canza hanya da zarar ya sami aikin Nolans a yankin Arewa.
Yanzu, yana tsammanin Nolans ya sami rayuwa na shekaru 33 kuma ya samar da 4,335t na neodymium-praseodymium kowace shekara.
Kamfanin ya ce shi ne kawai aiki a Ostiraliya don samun amincewar hakar ma'adinai, hakar da kuma raba kasa da ba kasafai ba, gami da sarrafa sharar rediyo.
Kamfanin yana hari Japan ne don siyar da kayan aikin neodymium-praseodymium kuma yana da zaɓi na hectare 19 na fili a Teesside na Ingila don gina matatar.
Gidan Teesside yana da cikakken izini kuma yanzu kamfanin yana jira kawai don bayar da lasisin hakar ma'adinan daga gwamnatin Tanzaniya, ƙa'idar ƙarshe na aikin Ngualla.
Yayin da Arafura ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin fahimtar juna tare da bangarorin biyu na kasar Sin, gabatarwar da ta gabatar a baya-bayan nan sun jaddada "haɗin gwiwar abokan ciniki" da ake nufi da masu amfani da neodymium-praseodymium da ba su dace da dabarun 'Made in China 2025' ba, wanda shine tsarin Beijing wanda zai iya ganin kasa 70% mai dogaro da kanta a cikin manyan kayayyakin fasaha shekaru biyar daga nan - kuma babban mataki ne ga mamayar fasahar kere-kere ta duniya.
Arafura da sauran kamfanoni suna sane da cewa, kasar Sin tana iko da mafi yawan sassan samar da duniya da ba kasafai ba - kuma Ostiraliya tare da Amurka da sauran kawayenta sun fahimci barazanar da karfin da Sin ke da shi na dakile ayyukan da ba na kasar Sin ba.
Beijing tana ba da tallafin ayyukan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba ta yadda masu kera za su iya sarrafa farashi - kuma kamfanonin Sin za su iya ci gaba da kasuwanci yayin da kamfanonin da ba na Sin ba ba za su iya yin aiki a cikin yanayi mai asara ba.
Tallace-tallacen Neodymium-praseodymium ne ke hannun ƙungiyar China Northern Rare Earth Group da aka jera a Shanghai, ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni shida da gwamnati ke kula da su waɗanda ke gudanar da aikin hakar ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a China.
Duk da yake kamfanoni guda ɗaya suna gano a matakin da za su iya karya ko da samun riba, masu samar da kuɗi sun fi zama masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Farashin Neodymium-praseodymium a halin yanzu yana ƙarƙashin dalar Amurka 40/kg (A $ 61/kg), amma alkalumman masana'antu sun kiyasta zai buƙaci wani abu kusa da dalar Amurka 60/kg (A$92/kg) don sakin allurar babban birnin da ake buƙata don haɓaka ayyukan.
A zahiri, ko da a tsakiyar fargabar COVID-19, kasar Sin ta yi nasarar farfado da noman da ba kasafai take samarwa a duniya ba, inda Maris din ta fitar da kashi 19.2% a duk shekara a 5,541t - adadi mafi girma na wata-wata tun daga shekarar 2014.
Lynas kuma yana da ingantaccen adadi na isarwa a cikin Maris. A cikin kwata na farko, abubuwan da ba a cika samu ba a duniya ya kai 4,465t.
Kasar Sin ta rufe yawancin masana'antunta na duniya da ba kasafai ba a duk watan Janairu da wani bangare na Fabrairu saboda yaduwar cutar.
"Masu halartar kasuwa suna jira da haƙuri saboda babu wanda ke da cikakkiyar fahimtar abin da zai faru nan gaba a wannan lokacin," Peak ya shawarci masu hannun jari a ƙarshen Afrilu.
"Bugu da ƙari, an fahimci cewa a matakan farashin da ake yi a yanzu, masana'antar ƙasa da ba kasafai ta kasar Sin ke yin aiki da kyar a kowace riba ba," in ji shi.
Farashin abubuwa daban-daban na duniya da ba kasafai ba sun bambanta, suna wakiltar bukatun kasuwa. A halin yanzu, ana wadatar da duniya da yawa da lanthanum da cerium; tare da wasu, ba haka ba.
A ƙasa akwai hoton farashin Janairu - lambobi ɗaya zasu motsa kaɗan kaɗan ko ɗaya, amma lambobin suna nuna babban bambancin ƙima. Duk farashin dalar Amurka ce a kowace kilogiram.
Lanthanum oxide - 1.69 Cerium oxide - 1.65 Samarium oxide - 1.79 Yttrium oxide - 2.87 Ytterbium oxide - 20.66 Erbium oxide - 22.60 Gadolinium oxide - 23.68 Neodymium .3 oxide - Europ4 Holmium oxide - 44.48 Scandium oxide - 48.07 Praseodymium oxide - 48.43 Dysprosium oxide - 251.11 Terbium oxide - 506.53 Lutetium oxide - 571.10
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-04-2022